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CHUY&Ecirc;N M&#7908;C NH&#7918;NG NH&Agrave; T&Acirc;M L&Yacute; H&#7884;C C&Oacute; T&#7846;M &#7842;NH H&#431;&#7902;NG L&#7898;N TRONG L&#7882;CH S&#7916;&nbsp; Trong chuy&ecirc;n m&#7909;c gi&#7899;i thi&#7879;u v&#7873; nh&#7919;ng nh&agrave; t&acirc;m l&yacute; h&#7885;c c&oacute; t&#7847;m &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng trong l&#7883;ch s&#7917;, h&atilde;y c&ugrave;ng PsychoHub t&igrave;m hi&#7875;u v&#7873; nh&agrave; t&acirc;m l&yacute; h&#7885;c Sigmund Freud &ndash; v&#7883; cha &#273;&#7867; c&#7911;a h&#7885;c thuy&#7871;t ph&acirc;n t&acirc;m h&#7885;c nh&eacute;! &#128073;&#127995; Ti&#7875;u s&#7917; v&agrave; xu&#7845;t th&acirc;n Sigmund Freud sinh ng&agrave;y 6 th&aacute;ng 5 n&#259;m 1856 t&#7841;i Freiberg, Moravia, &#272;&#7871; qu&#7889;c &Aacute;o (nay l&agrave; Pribor, C&#7897;ng h&ograve;a S&eacute;c) v&agrave; m&#7845;t ng&agrave;y 23 th&aacute;ng 9 n&#259;m 1939. &Ocirc;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c xem l&agrave; m&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng nh&agrave; th&#7847;n kinh h&#7885;c v&agrave; nh&agrave; t&acirc;m l&yacute; h&#7885;c c&oacute; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng nh&#7845;t trong th&#7901;i &#273;&#7841;i b&#7903;i nh&#7919;ng &#273;&oacute;ng g&oacute;p c&#7911;a &ocirc;ng cho l&yacute; thuy&#7871;t v&#7873; t&acirc;m l&yacute; con ng&#432;&#7901;i. Freud &#273;&#432;&#7907;c sinh ra trong m&#7897;t gia &#273;&igrave;nh g&#7889;c Do Th&aacute;i c&oacute; b&#7889; l&agrave;m ngh&#7873; bu&ocirc;n len. Ngay t&#7915; nh&#7887;, &ocirc;ng &#273;&atilde; s&#7899;m b&#7897;c l&#7897; l&agrave; m&#7897;t c&#7853;u b&eacute; th&ocirc;ng minh khi &ocirc;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c v&agrave;o trung h&#7885;c s&#7899;m m&#7897;t n&#259;m v&agrave; li&ecirc;n t&#7909;c &#273;&#7913;ng &#273;&#7847;u l&#7899;p. &Ocirc;ng c&ograve;n n&#7855;m v&#7919;ng ti&#7871;ng Latinh, Hy L&#7841;p, Ph&aacute;p, Anh v&agrave; &Yacute;. T&agrave;i n&#259;ng &#7845;y c&#7911;a &ocirc;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c gia &#273;&igrave;nh tr&acirc;n tr&#7885;ng v&agrave; lu&ocirc;n t&#7841;o &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n thu&#7853;n l&#7907;i nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7875; &ocirc;ng ph&aacute;t tri&#7875;n. Ngay c&#7843; khi gia &#273;&igrave;nh &ocirc;ng trong nh&#7919;ng n&#259;m 1860 ph&#7843;i s&#7889;ng trong m&#7897;t ng&ocirc;i nh&agrave; nh&#7887; ch&#7853;t h&#7865;p t&#7841;i Wien, c&#7853;u b&eacute; Fraud v&#7851;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#432;u &aacute;i d&agrave;nh ri&ecirc;ng cho m&#7897;t c&#259;n ph&ograve;ng c&oacute; c&#7917;a s&#7893;, gi&aacute; s&aacute;ch, gh&#7871; v&agrave; b&agrave;n vi&#7871;t, th&#7853;m ch&iacute; c&ograve;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c d&ugrave;ng &#273;&egrave;n d&#7847;u trong khi c&#7843; nh&agrave; ph&#7843;i d&ugrave;ng n&#7871;n. &#128073;&#127995; Th&#7845;t b&#7841;i trong nh&#7919;ng n&#259;m &#273;&#7847;u s&#7921; nghi&#7879;p N&#259;m 1881, &ocirc;ng t&#7889;t nghi&#7879;p b&#7857;ng d&#432;&#7907;c s&#297; t&#7841;i khoa Y tr&#432;&#7901;ng &#272;&#7841;i h&#7885;c Wien nh&#432;ng sau &#273;&oacute; &ocirc;ng &#273;&atilde; &#273;i theo con &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng sinh l&yacute; h&#7885;c y khoa. Ba n&#259;m sau, &ocirc;ng c&oacute; m&#7897;t b&aacute;o c&aacute;o v&#7873; t&aacute;c d&#7909;ng gi&#7843;m nh&#7865; c&#7911;a cocain sau khi &#273;&#7885;c m&#7897;t t&agrave;i li&#7879;u vi&#7871;t v&#7873; m&#7897;t b&aacute;c s&#297; qu&acirc;n y &#272;&#7913;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng th&agrave;nh c&ocirc;ng cocain &#273;&#7875; t&#259;ng c&#432;&#7901;ng n&#259;ng l&#7921;c v&agrave; s&#7921; ch&#7883;u &#273;&#7921;ng cho binh s&#297;. Tuy nhi&ecirc;n, nh&#7919;ng v&#7909; vi&#7879;c ng&#7897; &#273;&#7897;c cocain &#273;&atilde; khi&#7871;n cho &ocirc;ng b&#7883; ch&#7881; tr&iacute;ch n&#7863;ng n&#7873; v&agrave; &#273;&#7875; l&#7841;i cho s&#7921; nghi&#7879;p c&#7911;a &ocirc;ng m&#7897;t v&#7871;t nh&#417; kh&oacute; x&oacute;a m&#7901;. Ch&iacute;nh sai l&#7847;m n&agrave;y c&#361;ng &#273;&atilde; khi&#7871;n cho nh&#7919;ng &yacute; t&#432;&#7903;ng sau n&agrave;y c&#7911;a &ocirc;ng kh&ocirc;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c gi&#7899;i khoa h&#7885;c quan t&acirc;m &#273;&uacute;ng m&#7913;c. &#128073;&#127995; Th&agrave;nh t&#7921;u v&agrave; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng B&agrave;n v&#7873; nh&#7919;ng th&agrave;nh t&#7921;u trong s&#7921; nghi&#7879;p c&#7911;a Sigmund Freud, ta kh&ocirc;ng th&#7875; kh&ocirc;ng nh&#7855;c &#273;&#7871;n h&#7885;c thuy&#7871;t &#273;&atilde; l&agrave;m n&ecirc;n t&ecirc;n tu&#7893;i c&#7911;a &ocirc;ng: h&#7885;c thuy&#7871;t ph&acirc;n t&acirc;m h&#7885;c. &#10067;Tr&#432;&#7899;c h&#7871;t, &ldquo;ph&acirc;n t&acirc;m h&#7885;c&rdquo; l&agrave; g&igrave;? Theo Jostein Gaarder trong cu&#7889;n &ldquo;Nh&#7919;ng lu&#7853;n thuy&#7871;t n&#7893;i ti&#7871;ng th&#7871; gi&#7899;i&rdquo;: &ldquo;Ph&acirc;n t&acirc;m h&#7885;c c&oacute; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c coi nh&#432; m&#7897;t ng&agrave;nh c&#7911;a th&#7847;n kinh b&#7879;nh h&#7885;c v&agrave; ch&#7881; &aacute;p d&#7909;ng cho nh&#7919;ng tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p kh&oacute; kh&#259;n nh&#7845;t l&agrave; r&#7889;i lo&#7841;n nh&acirc;n c&aacute;ch. Cho n&ecirc;n, ph&acirc;n t&acirc;m h&#7885;c c&oacute; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7883;nh ngh&#297;a nh&#432; m&#7897;t ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&aacute;p d&ugrave;ng &#273;&#7875; tr&#7883; nh&#7919;ng b&#7879;nh r&#7889;i lo&#7841;n t&acirc;m l&yacute; v&agrave; th&#7847;n kinh.&rdquo; N&#7897;i dung c&#7911;a Ph&acirc;n t&acirc;m h&#7885;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c Sigmund Freud l&agrave;m r&otilde; &#7903; c&aacute;c kh&iacute;a c&#7841;nh b&agrave;n v&#7873; c&#7845;u tr&uacute;c nh&acirc;n c&aacute;ch, &#273;&#7897;ng c&#417; h&#7879; (cho r&#7857;ng t&#432; t&#432;&#7903;ng v&agrave; h&agrave;nh &#273;&#7897;ng c&#7911;a con ng&#432;&#7901;i l&agrave; do nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#7897;ng c&#417; g&acirc;y ra), s&#7921; ph&aacute;t tri&#7875;n c&#7911;a nh&acirc;n c&aacute;ch, t&acirc;m b&#7879;nh h&#7885;c, s&#7913;c kho&#7867; t&acirc;m l&yacute; v&agrave; cu&#7889;i c&ugrave;ng l&agrave; s&#7921; thay &#273;&#7893;i c&#7911;a nh&acirc;n c&aacute;ch d&#432;&#7899;i t&aacute;c d&#7909;ng c&#7911;a bi&#7879;n ph&aacute;p t&acirc;m l&yacute;. Freud c&#361;ng &#273;&#432;a ra c&aacute;c kh&aacute;i ni&#7879;m nh&#432; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng c&#7911;a ti&#7873;m th&#7913;c &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i &yacute; th&#7913;c, t&#7847;m quan tr&#7885;ng c&#7911;a t&iacute;nh d&#7909;c tr&#7867; th&#417; v&agrave; coi nh&#7919;ng khuy&#7871;t &#273;i&#7875;m c&#7911;a con ng&#432;&#7901;i nh&#432; l&#7905; l&#7901;i, nh&#7899; m&#7863;t qu&ecirc;n t&ecirc;n hay qu&ecirc;n l&#7901;i h&#7913;a,.. &#273;&#7873;u mang m&#7897;t &yacute; ngh&#297;a nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7883;nh.	M&#7863;c d&ugrave; khi m&#7899;i ra &#273;&#7901;i, h&#7885;c thuy&#7871;t c&#7911;a Freud &#273;&atilde; v&#7845;p ph&#7843;i nhi&#7873;u &yacute; ki&#7871;n tr&aacute;i chi&#7873;u bao g&#7891;m vi&#7879;c &ocirc;ng &#273;&atilde; qu&aacute; nh&#7845;n m&#7841;nh &#273;&#7871;n t&#7847;m quan tr&#7885;ng c&#7911;a b&#7843;n n&#259;ng t&iacute;nh d&#7909;c v&agrave; s&#7921; ho&agrave;i nghi trong ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&aacute;p &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; t&acirc;m l&yacute; c&oacute; t&ecirc;n &ldquo;t&#7921; do li&ecirc;n t&#432;&#7903;ng&rdquo; c&#7911;a Sigmund Freud. Th&#7871; nh&#432;ng, h&#7879; th&#7889;ng ph&acirc;n t&acirc;m h&#7885;c c&#7911;a &ocirc;ng &#273;&atilde; th&#7889;ng tr&#7883; l&#297;nh v&#7921;c tr&#7883; li&#7879;u t&acirc;m l&yacute; t&#7915; &#273;&#7847;u th&#7871; k&#7927; XX, t&#7841;o th&agrave;nh n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng cho nhi&#7873;u nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913;u giai &#273;o&#7841;n sau c&#361;ng nh&#432; c&oacute; m&#7897;t &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng &ldquo;v&ocirc; song&rdquo; &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i t&#432; duy hi&#7879;n &#273;&#7841;i. Th&#7853;t v&#7853;y, t&#7845;t c&#7843; m&#7885;i l&#297;nh v&#7921;c tri th&#7913;c c&#7911;a con ng&#432;&#7901;i nh&#432; v&#259;n ch&#432;&#417;ng, ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t, t&ocirc;n gi&aacute;o, nh&acirc;n ch&#7911;ng h&#7885;c, gi&aacute;o d&#7909;c, lu&#7853;t ph&aacute;p, x&atilde; h&#7897;i h&#7885;c, lu&#7853;t h&#7885;c, s&#7917; h&#7885;c v&agrave; nh&#7919;ng m&ocirc;n h&#7885;c v&#7873; x&atilde; h&#7897;i hay c&aacute; nh&acirc;n kh&aacute;c &#273;&#7873;u ch&#7883;u &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng c&#7911;a h&#7885;c thuy&#7871;t Sigmund Freud. Th&#7853;t kh&ocirc;ng sai khi Winfred Overholser &#273;&atilde; g&#7885;i &ocirc;ng b&#7857;ng c&aacute;i t&ecirc;n &ldquo;m&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng v&#297; nh&acirc;n &#273;&atilde; m&#7903; ra nh&#7919;ng ch&acirc;n tr&#7901;i m&#7899;i cho t&#432; t&#432;&#7903;ng con ng&#432;&#7901;i&rdquo;. &#128204; C&aacute;c t&agrave;i li&#7879;u tham kh&#7843;o:1. https://vnexpress.net/cuon-sach-phan-tam-hoc-nhap-mon-1961774.html2. https://thegioiluat.vn/bai-viet-hoc-thuat/Thuyet-phan-tam-hoc-cua-Sigmund-Freud-9492/3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mQaqXK7z9LM4. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sigmund-Freud--------------------------------------------------------------PsychoHub - D&#7921; &aacute;n T&acirc;m l&yacute; h&#7885;c thu&#7897;c Youth+ CommunityFanpage:<a href="https://www.facebook.com/PsychoHub.Project/?__cft__%5B0%5D=AZUvilKZIr-yVwCNMmk2ap0S9WQTdMsS2m-ECmzMpWBYdnwnsfBXxzu2xfWK4KWKrtgwHa90yuc0r4t7dfe8d67lG464eEyLfrBIiBfsL3eh5uoLQq5fo_583Sv6UWuRlnqD9i8WqBNVO5RuA_F-Z9fwaK2xMMVaKfWBWbZVXy-pDQ&amp;__tn__=kK-R" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="background-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> https://www.facebook.com/PsychoHub.Project/</a>Email: youth.psychohub@gmail.com

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