EXPRESSIVE WRITING: VIẾT ĐỂ CHỮA LÀNH (PART 1)

[PSYCHOHUB] Kìm chế cảm xúc – Chúng ta có đang bỏ quên cảm xúc của chính mình?

MỘT SỐ THÔNG TIN VỀ NGÀNH TÂM LÝ HỌC TẠI VIỆT NAM

XANHLAM, TỰ TỬ Ở NHẬT

T&#7915; "b&ecirc; &#273;&ecirc;" c&oacute; g&#7889;c ti&#7871;ng Ph&aacute;p l&agrave; "p&eacute;d&eacute;rastie" ho&#7863;c "p&eacute;d&eacute;", d&ugrave;ng &#273;&#7875; ch&#7881; h&agrave;nh vi quan h&#7879; t&igrave;nh d&#7909;c v&#7899;i tr&#7867; em (hay c&ograve;n g&#7885;i l&agrave; &#7845;u d&acirc;m). Sau n&agrave;y th&igrave; ng&#432;&#7901;i Vi&#7879;t Nam ho&#7863;c do hi&#7875;u sai &yacute; c&#7911;a t&#7915;, ho&#7863;c do c&#7889; t&igrave;nh m&agrave; bi&#7871;n t&#7915; n&agrave;y th&agrave;nh ti&#7871;ng l&oacute;ng mang &yacute; ti&ecirc;u c&#7921;c &#273;&#7875; ch&acirc;m bi&#7871;m c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng LGBT. Hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i LGBT &#273;&atilde; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7897;t s&#7889; n&#432;&#7899;c c&ocirc;ng nh&#7853;n, nh&#432;ng &#273;&acirc;u &#273;&oacute;, s&#7921; k&#7923; th&#7883; v&#7851;n lu&ocirc;n t&#7891;n t&#7841;i.&nbsp;TGD l&agrave; vi&#7871;t t&#7855;t c&#7911;a transgender and gender diverse d&ugrave;ng &#273;&#7875; m&ocirc; t&#7843; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i c&oacute; b&#7843;n d&#7841;ng gi&#7899;i kh&aacute;c v&#7899;i gi&#7899;i t&iacute;nh m&agrave; h&#7885; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7881; &#273;&#7883;nh khi sinh ra. V&iacute; d&#7909; nh&#432; gi&#7899;i t&iacute;nh khi sinh ra l&agrave; nam, nh&#432;ng h&#7885; mu&#7889;n tr&#7903; th&agrave;nh n&#7919;, v&agrave; t&#7921; nh&#7853;n m&igrave;nh l&agrave; n&#7919;, h&#7885; c&oacute; th&#7875; &#273;i ph&#7851;u thu&#7853;t chuy&#7875;n gi&#7899;i ho&#7863;c kh&ocirc;ng.LGBT bao g&#7891;m c&#7843; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i khi sinh ra c&oacute; gi&#7899;i t&iacute;nh nam, b&#7843;n d&#7841;ng gi&#7899;i c&#361;ng l&agrave; nam, h&#7885; bi&#7875;u hi&#7879;n ra b&ecirc;n ngo&agrave;i c&#361;ng r&#7845;t nam t&iacute;nh (ch&#7881; l&agrave; h&#7885; th&iacute;ch nam), ch&iacute;nh v&igrave; th&#7871;, TGD b&#7883; k&#7923; th&#7883; nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n so v&#7899;i c&aacute;c th&agrave;nh vi&ecirc;n c&ograve;n l&#7841;i trong c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng LGBT.Thapar v&agrave; c&#7897;ng s&#7921; (2012) &#273;&#7873; c&#7853;p &#273;&#7871;n vi&#7879;c nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913;u s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e t&acirc;m th&#7847;n c&#7911;a thanh thi&#7871;u ni&ecirc;n &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t quan tr&#7885;ng, &#273;&acirc;y l&agrave; giai &#273;o&#7841;n ph&aacute;t tri&#7875;n trong &#273;&oacute; c&aacute;c v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e t&acirc;m th&#7847;n (tr&#7847;m c&#7843;m, t&#7921; t&#7917;) &#273;ang t&#259;ng m&#7841;nh v&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng ph&acirc;n bi&#7879;t gi&#7899;i t&iacute;nh (ho&#7863;c c&oacute; th&igrave; ch&#7881; 1 ph&#7847;n r&#7845;t nh&#7887;). C&aacute;c h&agrave;nh vi nguy c&#417; li&ecirc;n quan &#273;&#7871;n s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e kh&aacute;c nhau &#7903; m&#7913;c cao nh&#7845;t, bao g&#7891;m r&#432;&#7907;u, ma tu&yacute; v&agrave; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng tr&aacute;i ph&eacute;p ch&#7845;t g&acirc;y nghi&#7879;n (Bachman v&agrave; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;, 2002). C&aacute;c y&#7871;u t&#7889; g&acirc;y c&#259;ng th&#7859;ng t&acirc;m l&yacute; x&atilde; h&#7897;i nh&#432; b&#7883; b&#7841;o l&#7921;c h&#7885;c &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng, kh&#7911;ng b&#7889; tinh th&#7847;n&hellip;c&oacute; nh&#7919;ng &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t s&acirc;u s&#7855;c trong giai &#273;o&#7841;n ph&aacute;t tri&#7875;n n&agrave;y (Arnett JJ, 2000). Thanh thi&#7871;u ni&ecirc;n TGD c&#361;ng kh&ocirc;ng ngo&#7841;i l&#7879;, th&#7853;m ch&iacute; c&ograve;n h&#417;n n&#7919;a. Ngo&agrave;i b&#7841;o l&#7921;c h&#7885;c &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng, h&#7885; c&ograve;n c&oacute; th&#7875; b&#7883; b&#7841;o l&#7921;c th&#7875; x&aacute;c, b&#7883; ch&#7917;i r&#7911;a t&#7915; ch&iacute;nh nh&#7919;ng th&agrave;nh vi&ecirc;n c&ograve;n l&#7841;i trong gia &#273;&igrave;nh. H&#7885; b&#7883; ng&#432;&#7901;i th&acirc;n, b&#7841;n b&egrave; xa l&aacute;nh, v&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; ai &#273;&#7875; t&acirc;m s&#7921; gi&atilde;i b&agrave;y&hellip;Tr&ecirc;n th&#7921;c t&#7871;, b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng cho th&#7845;y kho&#7843;ng 50-90% ng&#432;&#7901;i TGD s&#7869; b&#7883; qu&#7845;y r&#7889;i b&#7857;ng l&#7901;i n&oacute;i ho&#7863;c kh&ocirc;ng t&ocirc;n tr&#7885;ng b&#7843;n d&#7841;ng gi&#7899;i c&#7911;a h&#7885; trong su&#7889;t cu&#7897;c &#273;&#7901;i c&#7911;a h&#7885; v&agrave; &iacute;t nh&#7845;t 25% s&#7869; b&#7883; h&agrave;nh hung ho&#7863;c b&#7841;o l&#7921;c do nh&#7853;n th&#7913;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#7843;n d&#7841;ng gi&#7899;i c&#7911;a h&#7885; (McCann E, &amp; Brown M,2017). Cu&#7897;c kh&#7843;o s&aacute;t v&#7873; ng&#432;&#7901;i chuy&#7875;n gi&#7899;i t&#7841;i Hoa K&#7923; n&#259;m 2015 (USTS) (Jemes v&agrave; c&aacute;c c&#7897;ng s&#7921; ,2016), m&#7897;t cu&#7897;c kh&#7843;o s&aacute;t l&#7899;n kh&ocirc;ng mang t&iacute;nh &#273;&#7841;i di&#7879;n v&#7873; s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e v&agrave; h&#7841;nh ph&uacute;c c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n TGD (N= 27,715), &#273;&atilde; &#273;&aacute;nh gi&aacute; m&#7897;t lo&#7841;t c&aacute;c tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m v&#7873; ph&acirc;n bi&#7879;t &#273;&#7889;i x&#7917; v&agrave; b&#7841;o l&#7921;c v&agrave; nh&#7853;n th&#7845;y t&#7927; l&#7879; cao m&#7897;t c&aacute;ch &#273;&aacute;ng lo ng&#7841;i. &#272;&#7847;u ti&ecirc;n, 77% s&#7889; ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c h&#7887;i cho bi&#7871;t &#273;&atilde; t&#7915;ng b&#7883; l&#7841;m d&#7909;ng b&#7857;ng l&#7901;i n&oacute;i ho&#7863;c th&#7875; ch&#7845;t &#7903; tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7885;c (t&#7913;c l&agrave; trong c&aacute;c n&#259;m K-12), v&agrave; 50% nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i &#7903; ngo&agrave;i gia &#273;&igrave;nh &#273;&atilde; tr&#7843;i qua &iacute;t nh&#7845;t m&#7897;t h&igrave;nh th&#7913;c t&#7915; ch&#7889;i t&#7915; gia &#273;&igrave;nh &#273;&oacute; trong th&#7901;i th&#417; &#7845;u ho&#7863;c khi tr&#432;&#7903;ng th&agrave;nh. . H&#417;n n&#7919;a, g&#7847;n m&#7897;t n&#7917;a (46%) b&#7883; qu&#7845;y r&#7889;i b&#7857;ng l&#7901;i n&oacute;i trong n&#259;m qua v&igrave; b&#7883; TGD v&agrave; 47% &#273;&atilde; t&#7915;ng b&#7883; t&#7845;n c&ocirc;ng t&igrave;nh d&#7909;c trong &#273;&#7901;i. Tr&#7847;m c&#7843;m v&agrave; lo l&#7855;ng &#273;&atilde; nhi&#7873;u l&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&aacute;t hi&#7879;n gia t&#259;ng trong c&aacute;c c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng TGD v&agrave; &yacute; t&#432;&#7903;ng c&#361;ng nh&#432; n&#7895; l&#7921;c t&#7921; s&aacute;t &#273;ang &#7903; m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; d&#7883;ch b&#7879;nh. Trong cu&#7897;c kh&#7843;o s&aacute;t c&#7911;a Gower A.L v&agrave; c&#7897;ng s&#7921; (2018), Perez-Brumer A v&agrave; c&#7897;ng s&#7921; (2017), 82% ng&#432;&#7901;i tham gia kh&#7843;o s&aacute;t &#273;&atilde; xem x&eacute;t t&#7921; s&aacute;t v&agrave;o m&#7897;t th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m n&agrave;o &#273;&oacute; trong &#273;&#7901;i; 48% &#273;&atilde; nghi&ecirc;m t&uacute;c xem x&eacute;t vi&#7879;c t&#7921; s&aacute;t trong n&#259;m qua; v&agrave; 40% cho bi&#7871;t c&oacute; &yacute; &#273;&#7883;nh t&#7921; t&#7917; trong &#273;&#7901;i (g&#7845;p 9 l&#7847;n t&#7927; l&#7879; trong d&acirc;n s&#7889; n&oacute;i chung). C&aacute;c v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; v&#7873; s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e t&acirc;m th&#7847;n c&#361;ng ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n trong c&aacute;c m&#7851;u l&acirc;m s&agrave;ng c&#7911;a thanh ni&ecirc;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7881; &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; ch&#7913;ng phi&#7873;n mu&#7897;n gi&#7899;i (Bechard M. v&agrave; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;, 2017).T&Oacute;M L&#7840;ICh&uacute;ng ta n&ecirc;n th&#7915;a nh&#7853;n v&agrave; t&ocirc;n tr&#7885;ng r&#7857;ng c&oacute; nhi&#7873;u c&aacute;ch &#273;&#7875; x&aacute;c &#273;&#7883;nh b&ecirc;n ngo&agrave;i hai gi&#7899;i nam v&agrave; n&#7919;.Th&#7875; hi&#7879;n gi&#7899;i t&iacute;nh &#273;a d&#7841;ng kh&ocirc;ng ph&#7843;i l&agrave; &#273;&#7875; t&igrave;m ki&#7871;m s&#7921; ch&uacute; &yacute; hay nh&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7921; &#273;&#7889;i x&#7917; &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t, m&agrave; l&agrave; th&#7875; hi&#7879;n con ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#7853;t c&#7911;a m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i.M&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&ocirc;ng c&#7847;n ph&#7843;i bi&#7871;t v&#7873; m&#7885;i b&#7843;n d&#7841;ng gi&#7899;i ngo&agrave;i kia. &#272;i&#7873;u quan tr&#7885;ng h&#417;n l&agrave; m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i t&ocirc;n tr&#7885;ng nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;a d&#7841;ng v&#7873; gi&#7899;i t&iacute;nh v&agrave; nh&#7919;ng l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n c&#7911;a h&#7885; v&#7873; cu&#7897;c s&#7889;ng c&#7911;a h&#7885;.S&#7917; d&#7909;ng t&ecirc;n v&agrave; &#273;&#7841;i t&#7915; ch&iacute;nh x&aacute;c cho nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;a d&#7841;ng v&#7873; gi&#7899;i t&iacute;nh, c&#361;ng nh&#432; ng&ocirc;n ng&#7919; trung l&#7853;p v&#7873; gi&#7899;i t&iacute;nh l&agrave; nh&#7919;ng k&#7923; v&#7885;ng h&#7907;p l&yacute; d&agrave;nh cho nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;a d&#7841;ng v&#7873; gi&#7899;i t&iacute;nh.S&#7921; h&ograve;a nh&#7853;p kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7881; mang l&#7841;i l&#7907;i &iacute;ch cho nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;a d&#7841;ng v&#7873; gi&#7899;i t&iacute;nh - n&oacute; mang l&#7841;i l&#7907;i &iacute;ch cho t&#7845;t c&#7843; m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i.Ch&uacute;ng ta c&oacute; th&#7875; kh&ocirc;ng th&iacute;ch nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;a d&#7841;ng v&#7873; gi&#7899;i t&iacute;nh, nh&#432;ng c&#361;ng kh&ocirc;ng n&ecirc;n k&#7923; th&#7883; h&#7885;.T&agrave;i li&#7879;u tham kh&#7843;o:&nbsp;Thapar A, Collishaw S, Pine DS, &amp; Thapar AK (2012). Depression in adolescence. Lancet, 379(9820), 1056&ndash;1067. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60871-4.Bachman J, O&rsquo;Malley P, Schulenberg J, Johnston L, Bryant A, &amp; Merline. A (2002). The decline of substance use in young adulthood: Changes in social activities, roles, and beliefs. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum Associates Publishers.&nbsp;Arnett JJ (2000). Emerging adulthood. A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55(5), 469&ndash;480. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.55.5.469.McCann E, &amp; Brown M (2017). Discrimination and resilience and the needs of people who identify as Transgender: A narrative review of quantitative research studies. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 26(23-24), 4080&ndash;4093.&nbsp;Connolly MD, Zervos MJ, Barone CJ 2nd, Johnson, &amp; Joseph CL (2016). The mental health of transgender youth: Advances in understanding. Journal of Adolescent Health, 59(5), 489&ndash;495. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.06.012James SE, Herman JL, Rankin S, Keisling M, Mottet L, &amp; Anafi M (2016). The report of the 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey. Washington, DC: National Center for Transgender Equality.&nbsp;Gower AL, Rider GN, Coleman E, Brown C, McMorris BJ, &amp; Eisenberg ME (2018). Perceived gender presentation among transgender and gender diverse youth: Approaches to analysis and associations with bullying victimization and emotional distress. LGBT Health, 5(5), 312&ndash;319. doi:10.1089/lgbt.2017.0176&nbsp;Perez-Brumer A, Day JK, Russell ST, &amp; Hatzenbuehler ML (2017). Prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation among transgender youth in California: Findings from a representative, population-based sample of high school students. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 56(9), 739&ndash;746.doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2017.06.010&nbsp;Bechard M, VanderLaan DP, Wood H, Wasserman L, &amp; Zucker KJ (2017). Psychosocial and psychological vulnerability in adolescents with gender dysphoria: A &ldquo;proof of principle&rdquo; study. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 43(7), 678&ndash;688. doi:10.1080/0092623X.2016.1232325

Nguyễn Thị Trà My

Từ "bê đê" có gốc tiếng Pháp là "pédérastie" hoặc "pédé", dùng để chỉ hành vi quan hệ tình dục với trẻ em (hay còn gọi là ấu dâm). Sau 

Youth+

[PSYCHOHUB] TGD TRONG THẾ GIỚI BẤT BÌNH ĐẲNG