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[PSYCHOHUB] THE SPACING EFFECT - CH&Uacute;NG TA C&Oacute; TH&#7874; T&#7888;I &#431;U HO&Aacute; TR&Iacute; NH&#7898; NH&#431; TH&#7870; N&Agrave;O?V&#7899;i l&#432;&#7907;ng th&ocirc;ng tin m&#7899;i m&#7867; v&agrave; d&#7891;i d&agrave;o m&#7895;i ng&agrave;y, vi&#7879;c ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n, ghi nh&#7899; v&agrave; th&ocirc;ng hi&#7875;u c&oacute; th&#7875; g&#7863;p nhi&#7873;u kh&oacute; kh&#259;n. H&atilde;y &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o r&#7857;ng ch&uacute;ng ta &#273;&atilde; n&#7855;m v&#7919;ng v&agrave; ph&aacute;t tri&#7875;n ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&aacute;p h&#7885;c t&#7853;p hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; nh&#7845;t, &#273;&acirc;y ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; b&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#7847;u h&#432;&#7899;ng t&#7899;i th&agrave;nh c&ocirc;ng.M&#7897;t trong s&#7889; nh&#7919;ng k&#7929; thu&#7853;t &#273;&oacute; ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; hi&#7879;u &#7913;ng c&aacute;ch qu&atilde;ng- ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&aacute;p t&#7889;i &#432;u c&oacute; th&#7875; &aacute;p d&#7909;ng cho m&#7885;i l&#7913;a tu&#7893;i.HI&#7878;U &#7912;NG C&Aacute;CH QU&Atilde;NG (THE SPACING EFFECT) L&Agrave; G&Igrave;Hi&#7879;u &#7913;ng c&aacute;ch qu&atilde;ng (The Spacing Effect) l&agrave; m&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng hi&#7879;n t&#432;&#7907;ng l&acirc;u &#273;&#7901;i v&agrave; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ghi ch&eacute;p nhi&#7873;u nh&#7845;t trong l&#7883;ch s&#7917; nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913;u h&#7885;c t&#7853;p v&agrave; ghi nh&#7899;, l&#7847;n &#273;&#7847;u ti&ecirc;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&igrave;m hi&#7875;u b&#7903;i nh&agrave; t&acirc;m l&yacute; h&#7885;c ng&#432;&#7901;i &#272;&#7913;c Herman Ebbinghaus. &Ocirc;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c bi&#7871;t &#273;&#7871;n nh&#432; nh&agrave; ti&ecirc;n phong trong l&#297;nh v&#7921;c nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913;u tr&iacute; nh&#7899; &#273;&#7883;nh l&#432;&#7907;ng, v&#7899;i ph&aacute;t hi&#7879;n quan tr&#7885;ng nh&#7845;t v&#7873; &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng cong tr&iacute; nh&#7899;. Hi&#7879;u &#7913;ng c&aacute;ch qu&atilde;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7873; c&#7853;p trong cu&#7889;n s&aacute;ch &#273;&#7847;u ti&ecirc;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c xu&#7845;t b&#7843;n c&#7911;a &ocirc;ng &ldquo;Memory: A Contribution to Experimental Psychology&rdquo; v&agrave;o n&#259;m 1885- ch&#7881; ra r&#7857;ng con ng&#432;&#7901;i c&oacute; th&#7875; qu&ecirc;n &#273;&#7871;n 80% l&#432;&#7907;ng ki&#7871;n th&#7913;c m&#7899;i h&#7885;c trong v&ograve;ng 24 gi&#7901;.&#272;&#7875; l&yacute; gi&#7843;i hi&#7879;n t&#432;&#7907;ng n&agrave;y, &ocirc;ng &#273;&#7863;t ra thu&#7853;t ng&#7919; &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng cong tr&iacute; nh&#7899; ( The Forgetting Curve). &#272;&acirc;y l&agrave; m&#7897;t m&ocirc; h&igrave;nh &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng cong m&ocirc; t&#7843; ph&#7847;n tr&#259;m l&#432;&#7907;ng ki&#7871;n th&#7913;c &#273;&atilde; h&#7885;c m&agrave; m&#7897;t c&aacute; nh&acirc;n c&oacute; th&#7875; g&#7907;i nh&#7899; v&agrave; t&aacute;i t&#7841;o l&#7841;i qua th&#7901;i gian. S&#417; &#273;&#7891; t&aacute;i hi&#7879;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&aacute;t tri&#7875;n b&#7903;i Herman Ebbinghaus &#273;&atilde; ch&#7881; ra c&aacute;ch th&#7913;c ch&uacute;ng ta l&#432;u tr&#7919; th&ocirc;ng tin trong tr&iacute; nh&#7899; d&agrave;i h&#7841;n. T&#7915; &#273;&acirc;y, &ocirc;ng &#273;&atilde; t&igrave;m ra nguy&ecirc;n t&#7855;c quan tr&#7885;ng c&#7911;a hi&#7879;u &#7913;ng c&aacute;ch qu&atilde;ng: &#273;&#7875; l&#432;u tr&#7919; th&ocirc;ng tin hi&#7879;u qu&#7843;, b&#7841;n c&#7847;n &ocirc;n t&#7853;p ki&#7871;n th&#7913;c l&#7863;p &#273;i l&#7863;p l&#7841;i trong m&#7897;t khung gi&#7901; nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#432;a ch&uacute;ng v&agrave;o tr&iacute; nh&#7899; d&agrave;i h&#7841;n.TH&#7920;C H&Agrave;NH C&Aacute;CH QU&Atilde;NG L&Agrave; G&Igrave;Th&#7921;c h&agrave;nh c&aacute;ch qu&atilde;ng l&agrave; m&#7897;t ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&aacute;p h&#7885;c t&#7853;p &#273;&#432;&#7907;c d&ugrave;ng &#273;&#7875; &ocirc;n t&#7853;p ki&#7871;n th&#7913;c trong th&#7901;i gian d&agrave;i. &#272;i&#7873;u n&agrave;y cho ph&eacute;p t&acirc;m tr&iacute; ng&#432;&#7901;i h&#7885;c c&oacute; c&#417; h&#7897;i &#273;&#7875; k&#7871;t n&#7889;i &yacute; t&#432;&#7903;ng v&agrave; kh&aacute;i ni&#7879;m, t&#7915; &#273;&oacute; tri th&#7913;c b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&acirc;y d&#7921;ng c&oacute; n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng v&agrave; sau n&agrave;y c&oacute; th&#7875; nh&#7855;c l&#7841;i d&#7877; d&agrave;ng h&#417;n.TH&#7920;C H&Agrave;NH C&Aacute;CH QU&Atilde;NG HO&#7840;T &#272;&#7896;NG NH&#431; TH&#7870; N&Agrave;O?Nh&#7901; &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng cong tr&iacute; nh&#7899;, ta hi&#7875;u l&#432;&#7907;ng ki&#7871;n th&#7913;c s&#7869; b&#7883; m&#7845;t d&#7847;n theo th&#7901;i gian khi n&atilde;o b&#7897; kh&ocirc;ng &#273;&#7911; n&#7895; l&#7921;c &#273;&#7875; ghi nh&#7899; n&oacute;. Ch&#7881; h&#7885;c m&#7897;t l&#7847;n l&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng &#273;&#7911;. H&#7847;u h&#7871;t t&agrave;i li&#7879;u s&#7869; b&#7883; l&atilde;ng qu&ecirc;n trong v&agrave;i ng&agrave;y ho&#7863;c v&agrave;i tu&#7847;n. Khi &#273;&oacute;, ch&uacute;ng ta ph&#7843;i l&agrave;m vi&#7879;c v&#7845;t v&#7843; h&#417;n &#273;&#7875; g&#7907;i nh&#7899; ch&uacute;ng. Ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i, th&#7921;c h&agrave;nh c&aacute;ch qu&atilde;ng l&agrave; m&#7897;t ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&aacute;p r&egrave;n luy&#7879;n n&atilde;o b&#7897; th&#432;&#7901;ng xuy&ecirc;n, theo chu k&#7923; v&agrave; chu tr&igrave;nh nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7883;nh, gi&uacute;p t&agrave;i li&#7879;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;i v&agrave;o tr&iacute; nh&#7899; d&agrave;i h&#7841;n, t&#7915; &#273;&oacute; b&#7841;n c&oacute; th&#7875; g&#7907;i l&#7841;i th&ocirc;ng tin m&#7897;t c&aacute;ch nhanh ch&oacute;ng, kh&ocirc;ng v&#7845;t v&#7843;.H&#431;&#7898;NG D&#7850;N S&#7916; D&#7908;NG PH&#431;&#416;NG PH&Aacute;P TH&#7920;C H&Agrave;NH C&Aacute;CH QU&Atilde;NG1. X&aacute;c l&#7853;p th&#7901;i gian bi&#7875;u c&oacute; t&iacute;nh chu k&#7923;Chu&#7849;n b&#7883; m&#7897;t l&#7897; tr&igrave;nh h&#7885;c t&#7853;p &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng k&#7929; thu&#7853;t l&#7863;p l&#7841;i c&aacute;ch qu&atilde;ng (Spaced repetition), t&#7841;o kho&#7843;ng tr&#7889;ng gi&#7919;a nh&#7919;ng l&#7847;n &ocirc;n t&#7853;p &#273;&#7883;nh k&#7923;.2. X&aacute;c l&#7853;p c&aacute;c bu&#7893;i &#273;&aacute;nh gi&aacute; ng&#7855;n v&agrave; th&#432;&#7901;ng xuy&ecirc;nNh&#7919;ng bu&#7893;i h&#7885;c ng&#7855;n, tu&acirc;n theo chu tr&igrave;nh t&#7889;t h&#417;n nh&#7919;ng bu&#7893;i h&#7885;c d&agrave;i kh&ocirc;ng c&#7889; &#273;&#7883;nh. &#272;i&#7873;u n&agrave;y cho ch&uacute;ng ta c&#417; h&#7897;i g&#7907;i nh&#7899; ki&#7871;n th&#7913;c c&#361;, t&#7841;o n&ecirc;n nh&#7919;ng m&#7889;i li&ecirc;n h&#7879; m&#7899;i thay v&igrave; c&#7889; g&#7855;ng &ldquo;nh&#7891;i nh&eacute;t&rdquo; t&#7845;t c&#7843; m&#7897;t l&uacute;c. &#272;&#7843;m b&#7843;o l&#7897; tr&igrave;nh n&agrave;y di&#7877;n ra li&ecirc;n t&#7909;c h&#7857;ng n&#259;m, ch&#7913; kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7881; cho b&agrave;i ki&#7875;m tra s&#7855;p t&#7899;i.3. &Ocirc;n t&#7853;p trong m&#7897;t kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian d&agrave;iThay v&igrave; c&#7889; g&#7855;ng &ocirc;m tr&#7885;n g&oacute;i t&#7845;t c&#7843; ki&#7871;n th&#7913;c trong m&#7897;t ho&#7863;c hai bu&#7893;i h&#7885;c, h&atilde;y d&agrave;nh th&#7901;i gian m&#7895;i ng&agrave;y &#273;&#7875; &ocirc;n t&#7853;p. Chia t&agrave;i li&#7879;u theo c&aacute;c ch&#7911; &#273;&#7873; v&agrave; gi&#7843;i quy&#7871;t t&#7915;ng c&aacute;i m&#7897;t trong m&#7897;t v&agrave;i tu&#7847;n. C&aacute;c ch&#7911; &#273;&#7873; xen k&#7869; nhau v&#7899;i kho&#7843;ng c&aacute;ch ng&agrave;y c&agrave;ng k&eacute;o d&agrave;i gi&#7919;a nh&#7919;ng l&#7847;n &ocirc;n t&#7853;p m&#7897;t ch&#7911; &#273;&#7873; nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7883;nh.V&iacute; d&#7909;:Ng&agrave;y th&#7913; nh&#7845;t: Bu&#7893;i h&#7885;c &#273;&#7847;u ti&ecirc;nNg&agrave;y th&#7913; hai: &Ocirc;n t&#7853;p v&agrave; &#273;&aacute;nh gi&aacute;Ba ng&agrave;y sau: &Ocirc;n t&#7853;p v&agrave; &#273;&aacute;nh gi&aacute;M&#7897;t tu&#7847;n sau: &Ocirc;n t&#7853;p v&agrave; &#273;&aacute;nh gi&aacute;Hai tu&#7847;n sau: &Ocirc;n t&#7853;p v&agrave; &#273;&aacute;nh gi&aacute;.4. &#272;&#7885;c l&#7841;i t&agrave;i li&#7879;u c&#361; tr&#432;&#7899;cTr&#432;&#7899;c khi b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u c&aacute;c ti&#7871;t h&#7885;c m&#7899;i, h&atilde;y nh&#7855;c l&#7841;i nh&#7919;ng th&ocirc;ng tin quan tr&#7885;ng t&#7915; bu&#7893;i h&#7885;c tr&#432;&#7899;c. V&#7899;i ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&aacute;p th&#7921;c h&agrave;nh c&aacute;ch qu&atilde;ng, vi&#7879;c qu&ecirc;n &#273;i m&#7897;t ch&uacute;t ki&#7871;n th&#7913;c th&#7853;t s&#7921; t&#7889;t. &#272;&#7875; h&#7885;c t&#7853;p hi&#7879;u qu&#7843;, b&#7841;n c&#7847;n h&#7885;c v&agrave; qu&ecirc;n, r&#7891;i sau &#273;&oacute; h&#7885;c l&#7841;i t&#7915; &#273;&#7847;u, khi&#7871;n n&atilde;o b&#7897; ph&#7843;i ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng &#273;&#7875; ghi nh&#7899; nh&#7919;ng g&igrave; &#273;&atilde; ti&#7871;p thu t&#7915; bu&#7893;i h&#7885;c tr&#432;&#7899;c. C&agrave;ng ch&#259;m ch&#7881; &ocirc;n t&#7853;p ki&#7871;n th&#7913;c c&#361;, c&agrave;ng d&#7877; d&agrave;ng g&#7907;i nh&#7899; ch&uacute;ng trong t&#432;&#417;ng lai.5. K&#7871;t h&#7907;p t&agrave;i li&#7879;u c&#361; v&agrave; t&agrave;i li&#7879;u m&#7899;i&#272;&acirc;y l&agrave; c&#417; h&#7897;i &#273;&#7875; b&#7841;n h&igrave;nh th&agrave;nh s&#7921; t&#432;&#417;ng quan gi&#7919;a c&aacute;c ch&#7911; &#273;&#7873; c&#361; v&agrave; m&#7899;i. Trong qu&aacute; tr&igrave;nh &ocirc;n t&#7853;p ki&#7871;n th&#7913;c tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&acirc;y, h&atilde;y suy ngh&#297; v&#7873; c&aacute;ch ch&uacute;ng li&ecirc;n h&#7879; v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng th&ocirc;ng tin b&#7841;n &#273;ang h&#7885;c.6. T&#7841;o c&aacute;c b&#7843;n t&oacute;m t&#7855;t v&agrave; danh s&aacute;ch ki&#7875;m traTrong m&#7895;i bu&#7893;i h&#7885;c, h&atilde;y t&#7841;o c&aacute;c b&#7843;n t&oacute;m t&#7855;t ho&#7863;c danh s&aacute;ch ng&#7855;n g&#7885;n. M&#7895;i l&#7847;n &ocirc;n t&#7853;p, b&#7841;n c&#7847;n s&#7917; d&#7909;ng ch&uacute;ng &#273;&#7875; kh&#417;i g&#7907;i l&#7841;i tr&iacute; nh&#7899; c&#7911;a m&igrave;nh. Kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7881; gi&uacute;p ch&uacute;ng ta d&#7877; d&agrave;ng k&#7871;t n&#7889;i l&#432;&#7907;ng ki&#7871;n th&#7913;c c&#361; v&agrave; m&#7899;i, b&#7843;n t&oacute;m t&#7855;t tr&ecirc;n c&ograve;n gi&#7919; b&#7841;n &#273;i &#273;&uacute;ng h&#432;&#7899;ng khi nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913;u c&aacute;c th&ocirc;ng tin m&#7899;i trong c&aacute;c l&#7847;n h&#7885;c k&#7871; ti&#7871;p. <img src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/wbR2FJw8TXo7dOfoup8Y0GbUlzDhB0iyFWtfHzXHAKtNWqDKBTdsMndlZEhNgwg4tphExKFoqlcjryJyut4kaoxWFLLl_r2-iBqhYC7uTH9zrHmr9ndnObwJOJMnXg" height="365" width="624"> B&agrave;i vi&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c bi&ecirc;n t&#7853;p v&agrave; bi&ecirc;n so&#7841;n, ch&#7881;nh s&#7917;a d&#7921;a theo ngu&#7891;n:<a href="https://www.oxfordlearning.com/what-is-spaced-practice/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="background-color: transparent; color: rgb(5, 99, 193);">https://www.oxfordlearning.com/what-is-spaced-practice/</a><a href="https://thedecisionlab.com/biases/spacing-effect/?fbclid=IwAR1UyaN0QutdbBisXalhYKaC7lL76fKWiIyanQ9tqGw6O0A6Sv08qouVekg" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="background-color: transparent; color: rgb(5, 99, 193);">https://thedecisionlab.com/biases/spacing-effect/?fbclid=IwAR1UyaN0QutdbBisXalhYKaC7lL76fKWiIyanQ9tqGw6O0A6Sv08qouVekg</a>--------------------------------------------------------------PsychoHub - D&#7921; &aacute;n T&acirc;m l&yacute; h&#7885;c thu&#7897;c Youth+ CommunityFanpage: <a href="https://www.facebook.com/PsychoHub.Project/?__cft__%5B0%5D=AZUOx2BuE7MairzqkX4vBV6C8OmAOr7oXEBDg8ekSJ28VwWdiJPScH7viytqDbnLi9eiaLjE_53DpuRt1i-PBl-XO_bdFnrEbhkxv_DczbJjwCoCCG-uwgdSHq2opZr1aH36y7wqI9xk6J7qBHu3Ih7kx_hfLgqnjVz9O31ZLR5Wzg&amp;__tn__=kK-R" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.facebook.com/PsychoHub.Project/</a>Email: youth.psychohub@gmail.com

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