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1. Kh&aacute;i ni&#7879;m b&igrave;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng v&agrave; b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng l&agrave; nh&#7919;ng v&ugrave;ng &#273;&#7845;t vi&#7877;n t&#432;&#7903;ng b&#7883; b&#7887; hoangTr&#432;&#7899;c chi&#7871;n tranh th&#7871; gi&#7899;i th&#7913; hai. T&#7915; &ldquo;normal&rdquo; - b&igrave;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng - ch&#7881; l&agrave; m&#7897;t thu&#7853;t ng&#7919; to&aacute;n h&#7885;c mang ngh&#297;a &ldquo;average&rdquo; - trung b&igrave;nh. Nh&#432;ng &#7903; M&#7929; giai &#273;o&#7841;n h&#7853;u chi&#7871;n tranh th&#7871; gi&#7899;i th&#7913; 2, th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#7885;i l&agrave; giai &#273;o&#7841;n &ldquo;Age of Conformity&rdquo; - k&#7927; nguy&ecirc;n c&#7911;a s&#7921; tu&acirc;n theo, con ng&#432;&#7901;i mu&#7889;n tu&acirc;n theo nh&#7919;ng d&#7841;ng th&#7913;c truy&#7873;n th&#7889;ng c&#7911;a &#273;&#7901;i s&#7889;ng x&atilde; h&#7897;i - bao g&#7891;m s&#7921; ph&acirc;n &#273;&#7883;nh r&#7857;ng n&#7897;i tr&#7907; ph&#7843;i l&agrave; n&#7919; v&agrave; ng&#432;&#7901;i tr&#7909; c&#7897;t gia &#273;&igrave;nh ph&#7843;i l&agrave; nam, ch&#7881; v&#7853;y m&#7899;i c&oacute; th&#7875; sinh ra nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#7913;a tr&#7867; b&igrave;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng. D&#7847;n d&#7847;n, &ldquo;b&igrave;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng&rdquo; tr&#7903; th&agrave;nh th&#7913; g&igrave; &#273;&oacute; m&agrave; con ng&#432;&#7901;i lu&ocirc;n khao kh&aacute;t. N&oacute; c&#361;ng tr&#7903; th&agrave;nh m&#7897;t c&ocirc;ng c&#7909; t&#432; t&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#7875; khai tr&#7915; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&ocirc;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c coi l&agrave; b&igrave;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng.Nh&#432;ng gi&#7901; &#273;&acirc;y, ta &#273;ang nh&#7853;n ra r&#7857;ng &ldquo;b&igrave;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng&rdquo; &#273;&atilde; tr&#7903; th&agrave;nh m&#7897;t th&#7913; &#7843;o gi&aacute;c nguy h&#7841;i m&agrave; ch&iacute;nh n&#7873;n v&#259;n h&oacute;a c&#7911;a ch&uacute;ng ta &#273;&atilde; t&#7841;o ra. V&agrave; ta c&#361;ng &#273;ang ch&#7913;ng ki&#7871;n s&#7921; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng c&#7911;a c&aacute;c b&#7879;nh ch&#7913;ng t&acirc;m l&yacute; l&ecirc;n con ng&#432;&#7901;i - d&ugrave; l&agrave; c&aacute; nh&acirc;n, hay c&#7843; c&aacute;c m&#7889;i quan h&#7879;. Ch&uacute;ng ta c&#361;ng ph&#7843;i c&ocirc;ng nh&#7853;n r&#7857;ng c&aacute;c c&#259;n b&#7879;nh n&agrave;y c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c quan t&acirc;m &#273;&uacute;ng m&#7921;c h&#417;n, v&agrave; r&#7857;ng trong su&#7889;t cu&#7897;c &#273;&#7901;i m&igrave;nh, vi&#7879;c ta tr&#7843;i qua &#273;&#7911; lo&#7841;i b&#7879;nh l&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng th&#7875; tr&aacute;nh kh&#7887;i. Cu&#7889;i c&ugrave;ng, ch&uacute;ng ta nh&#7853;n ra r&#7857;ng nh&#7919;ng kh&aacute;c bi&#7879;t c&#7911;a con ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#7881; b&#7883; coi l&agrave; b&#7879;nh ho&#7841;n ho&#7863;c khi&#7871;m khuy&#7871;t khi m&agrave; c&#7843; x&atilde; h&#7897;i bi&#7871;n h&#7885; th&agrave;nh nh&#432; v&#7853;y.&nbsp;<figure class="image"><img src="/upload/files/13e04b1(2).jpg"></figure>2. Ai c&#361;ng n&ecirc;n c&oacute; quy&#7873;n v&agrave; ph&#7849;m h&#7841;nh &#273;&#7875; v&#7845;p ng&atilde;M&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng ngh&#7883;ch l&yacute; c&#7911;a t&#432; duy &ldquo;ch&igrave;m ho&#7863;c b&#417;i&rdquo; trong x&atilde; h&#7897;i t&#432; b&#7843;n l&agrave; ta lu&ocirc;n khuy&#7871;n kh&iacute;ch con ng&#432;&#7901;i ph&#7843;i m&#7841;o hi&#7875;m, d&ugrave; c&oacute; th&#7845;t b&#7841;i - nh&#432;ng ta l&#7841;i kh&ocirc;ng l&agrave;m &#273;i&#7873;u n&agrave;y v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i khuy&#7871;t t&#7853;t. Vi&#7879;c ta th&#432;&#417;ng x&oacute;t, mong mu&#7889;n b&#7843;o v&#7879; v&agrave; che ch&#7903; cho h&#7885; c&oacute; th&#7875; b&#7883; coi l&agrave; v&ocirc; nh&acirc;n t&iacute;nh. Ch&#7859;ng ph&#7843;i t&#7845;t c&#7843; ch&uacute;ng ta n&ecirc;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c trao c&#417; h&#7897;i th&agrave;nh c&ocirc;ng m&#7897;t c&aacute;ch c&ocirc;ng b&#7857;ng, v&agrave; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c quy&#7873;n v&#7845;p ng&atilde;?Khi ta cho nh&#7919;ng con ng&#432;&#7901;i khi&#7871;m khuy&#7871;t m&#7897;t c&#417; h&#7897;i, ch&uacute;ng ta th&#432;&#7901;ng mong &#273;&#7907;i h&#7885; s&#7869; &ldquo;gi&#7889;ng nh&#432;&rdquo; ta v&agrave; &ldquo;v&#432;&#7907;t qua&rdquo; khi&#7871;m khuy&#7871;t c&#7911;a ch&iacute;nh h&#7885;. Nh&#432;ng ch&iacute;nh b&#7903;i l&yacute; do &#273;&oacute;, n&ecirc;n h&#7885; m&#7899;i ch&#7883;u m&#7913;c th&ugrave; lao th&#7845;p ho&#7863;c t&#7879; h&#417;n l&agrave; th&#7845;t nghi&#7879;p, v&igrave; v&#7853;y ta c&#7847;n &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh l&#7841;i nh&#7919;ng k&#7923; v&#7885;ng c&#7911;a ch&iacute;nh m&igrave;nh v&#7873; y&#7871;u t&#7889; t&#7841;o n&ecirc;n th&agrave;nh c&ocirc;ng. Ch&uacute;ng ta c&#7847;n tr&acirc;n tr&#7885;ng nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i l&agrave;m vi&#7879;c v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng khi&#7871;m khuy&#7871;t, l&agrave;m t&igrave;nh nguy&#7879;n vi&ecirc;n, l&agrave;m b&aacute;n th&#7901;i gian, ho&#7863;c th&#7853;m ch&iacute; l&agrave;m vi&#7879;c k&eacute;m n&#259;ng su&#7845;t h&#417;n ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&aacute;c.3. Ch&uacute;ng ta c&oacute; th&#7875; &#273;&#7883;nh ngh&#297;a l&#7841;i nh&#7919;ng t&#7915; ng&#7919; m&agrave; ta coi l&agrave; x&#7845;u h&#7893;Trong &ldquo;N&eacute;t ch&#7919; m&agrave;u &#273;&#7887;&rdquo; c&#7911;a Nathaniel Hawthorne, Hester Prynne b&#7883; &eacute;p ph&#7843;i m&#7863;c bi&#7875;u t&#432;&#7907;ng k&iacute; t&#7921; ch&#7919; &ldquo;A&rdquo; th&ecirc;u m&agrave;u &#273;&#7887; nh&#432; m&#7897;t s&#7921; tr&#7915;ng ph&#7841;t cho t&#7897;i ngo&#7841;i t&igrave;nh. Nhi&#7873;u n&#259;m sau, d&ugrave; kh&ocirc;ng ai ngh&#297; c&ocirc; s&#7869; v&#7851;n m&#7863;c k&iacute; t&#7921; &ldquo;A&rdquo; &#273;&oacute; tr&ecirc;n ng&#432;&#7901;i, Hawthorne n&oacute;i r&#7857;ng nh&#7919;ng th&#7913; &#273;&atilde; t&#7915;ng l&agrave; n&#7895;i nh&#7909;c gi&#7901; &#273;&acirc;y &#273;&atilde; tr&#7903; th&agrave;nh s&#7921; t&#7921; t&ocirc;n, t&#7921; h&agrave;o b&#7903;i s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh v&agrave; s&#7921; b&#7873;n b&#7881; c&#7911;a ch&iacute;nh Hester.&nbsp;<figure class="image image-style-side"><img src="/upload/files/9fa2aa5fda1933476a08-15809188481311631273631(2).jpg"></figure>B&agrave;i h&#7885;c &#7903; &#273;&acirc;y l&agrave; ta ho&agrave;n to&agrave;n c&oacute; th&#7875; thay &#273;&#7893;i nh&#7919;ng &#273;i&#7873;u b&#7883; coi l&agrave; nh&#7909;c nh&atilde;, k&#7923; th&#7883; b&#7857;ng c&aacute;ch l&agrave;m ch&#7911; nh&#7919;ng ng&ocirc;n t&#7915; v&agrave; h&agrave;nh vi ph&acirc;n bi&#7879;t &#273;&#7889;i x&#7917;. V&iacute; d&#7909; nh&#432;, nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i &#7911;ng h&#7897; LGBT &#273;&atilde; c&#7843;i h&oacute;a t&#7915; &ldquo;queer&rdquo;, m&#7897;t t&#7915; &#273;&#7891;ng ngh&#297;a c&#7911;a t&#7915; &ldquo;gay&rdquo;, t&#7915; nh&#7919;ng k&#7867; cu&#7891;ng t&iacute;n, v&agrave; tr&agrave;o l&#432;u &#273;a d&#7841;ng h&#7879; tr&iacute; n&atilde;o (neurodiversity movement) c&#361;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c lan r&#7897;ng v&#7899;i c&ugrave;ng m&#7897;t m&#7909;c ti&ecirc;u ch&#7889;ng l&#7841;i s&#7921; ph&acirc;n bi&#7879;t &#273;&#7889;i x&#7917;. Nh&#7919;ng tr&agrave;o l&#432;u n&agrave;y kh&ocirc;ng nh&#7857;m m&#7909;c &#273;&iacute;ch h&#432;&#7899;ng t&#7899;i s&#7921; &ldquo;b&igrave;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng&rdquo; - nh&#432; Hester, h&#7885; th&uacute;c &#273;&#7849;y ch&iacute;nh m&igrave;nh d&#7921;a tr&ecirc;n nh&#7919;ng ni&#7873;m tin c&#7911;a ch&iacute;nh h&#7885;. Ch&uacute;ng ta c&agrave;ng thay &#273;&#7893;i v&agrave; l&agrave;m ch&#7911; nh&#7919;ng t&#7915; ng&#7919; xa x&#432;a, ti&ecirc;u c&#7921;c, ta c&agrave;ng c&oacute; th&ecirc;m s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh &#273;&#7875; khi&#7871;n ch&uacute;ng b&#7899;t t&#7893;n th&#432;&#417;ng ta.&nbsp;4. L&agrave; con ng&#432;&#7901;i, ch&uacute;ng ta c&#7847;n ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c v&agrave;o nhauNg&#432;&#7901;i M&#7929; th&#432;&#7901;ng c&oacute; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng t&ocirc;n tr&#7885;ng s&#7921; &#273;&#7897;c l&#7853;p, t&iacute;nh c&aacute; nh&acirc;n, v&agrave; t&#7921; ch&#7911;, trong khi t&#432; t&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#7889;i l&#7853;p - r&#7857;ng con ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#7847;n ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c v&agrave;o nhau - l&#7841;i g&acirc;y ra s&#7921; k&#7923; th&#7883; v&agrave; ph&acirc;n bi&#7879;t &#273;&#7889;i x&#7917;. Tuy nhi&ecirc;n, d&ugrave; kh&ocirc;ng r&otilde; r&agrave;ng, ch&uacute;ng ta &#273;ang d&#7847;n thay &#273;&#7893;i c&aacute;ch suy ngh&#297; v&agrave; t&#432; duy. V&iacute; d&#7909; nh&#432;, vi&#7879;c t&igrave;m ki&#7871;m ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&aacute;p tr&#7883; li&#7879;u cho c&#259;n b&#7879;nh r&#7889;i lo&#7841;n c&#259;ng th&#7859;ng sau ch&#7845;n th&#432;&#417;ng (PTSD) &#273;&atilde; tr&#7903; th&agrave;nh minh ch&#7913;ng cho s&#7921; m&#7841;nh m&#7869; h&#417;n l&agrave; y&#7871;u &#273;u&#7889;i. Nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i khi&#7871;m khuy&#7871;t v&#7873; tinh th&#7847;n v&agrave; th&#7875; ch&#7845;t &#273;ang b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u &#273;i ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#7883;nh ki&#7871;n x&#432;a c&#361;, nh&#432; vi&#7879;c m&#7863;c &#273;&#7883;nh r&#7857;ng khi &#273;&#7871;n tu&#7893;i 18 ho&#7863;c 21 th&igrave; ph&#7843;i s&#7889;ng t&#7921; l&#7853;p. Nh&#7919;ng v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng vi&ecirc;n c&#361;ng &#273;&#7873;u c&#7843;m &#417;n b&aacute;c s&#297; tr&#7883; li&#7879;u c&#7911;a h&#7885; sau khi h&#7885; gi&agrave;nh chi&#7871;n th&#7855;ng. Bruce Springsteen vi&#7871;t v&#7873; vi&#7879;c tr&#7883; li&#7879;u c&#7911;a &ocirc;ng &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i c&#259;n b&#7879;nh tr&#7847;m c&#7843;m, v&agrave; ch&uacute;ng ta c&#361;ng bi&#7871;t r&#7857;ng &#273;&#7871;n c&#7843; Pope Francis c&#361;ng &#273;&atilde; t&#7915;ng ph&#7843;i nh&#7853;n &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; v&#7899;i m&#7897;t b&aacute;c s&#297; ph&acirc;n t&acirc;m &#7903; Argentina. N&#259;m 2017, b&aacute;c s&#297; th&#7847;n kinh c&#7911;a David Letterman th&#7853;m ch&iacute; &#273;&atilde; c&ugrave;ng &ocirc;ng l&ecirc;n s&acirc;n kh&#7845;u &#273;&#7875; nh&#7853;n gi&#7843;i th&#432;&#7903;ng Mark Twain c&#7911;a trung t&acirc;m Kennedy.&nbsp;5. N&#7871;u n&#7873;n v&#259;n h&oacute;a c&oacute; th&#7875; &#273;&#7863;t s&#7921; k&#7923; th&#7883; v&agrave; c&aacute;c c&#259;n b&#7879;nh c&#7841;nh nhau, th&igrave; n&oacute; c&#361;ng c&oacute; th&#7875; t&aacute;ch ch&uacute;ng ra.<figure class="image"><img src="/upload/files/ngon-ngu-ky-hieu-elle-man-featured-image(2).jpg"></figure>Trong g&#7847;n ba th&#7871; k&#7927;, h&ograve;n &#273;&#7843;o c&#7911;a Martha&rsquo;s Vineyard &#273;&atilde; tr&#7903; th&agrave;nh nh&agrave; c&#7911;a m&#7897;t nh&oacute;m ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7883;nh c&#432; Anh. S&#7921; ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n c&#7911;a h&ocirc;n nh&acirc;n c&#7853;n huy&#7871;t trong h&agrave;ng th&#7853;p k&#7927; &#273;&atilde; g&acirc;y ra s&#7921; r&#7889;i lo&#7841;n gen nghi&ecirc;m tr&#7885;ng . Tr&#432;&#7899;c cu&#7889;i nh&#7919;ng n&#259;m 1800, g&#7847;n &frac14; d&acirc;n c&#432; &#7903; c&aacute;c l&agrave;ng m&#7855;c b&#7879;nh &#273;i&#7871;c do di truy&#7873;n. Nh&#432;ng nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;i&#7871;c, ng&#432;&#7901;i g&#7847;n nh&#432; &#273;i&#7871;c, v&agrave; c&#7843; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i nghe &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&atilde; ph&aacute;t minh ra ng&ocirc;n ng&#7919; k&yacute; hi&#7879;u c&#7911;a ch&iacute;nh h&#7885; &#273;&#7875; c&oacute; th&#7875; giao ti&#7871;p. V&agrave; ch&iacute;nh v&igrave; ch&#7859;ng c&oacute; b&#7897; ph&#7853;n d&acirc;n c&#432; n&agrave;o kh&aacute;c &#273;&#7875; h&#7885; c&oacute; th&#7875; so s&aacute;nh, h&#7885; cho r&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng &#273;i&#7871;c l&agrave; m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7873;u h&#7871;t s&#7913;c b&igrave;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng v&agrave; n&oacute; th&#7875; hi&#7879;n s&#7921; &#273;a d&#7841;ng c&#7911;a con ng&#432;&#7901;i. Tr&ecirc;n th&#7921;c t&#7871;, th&igrave; b&#7879;nh &#273;i&#7871;c &#273;&atilde; ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7871;n n&#7895;i th&#7871; h&#7879; sau c&#7911;a nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7883;nh c&#432; n&agrave;y g&#7863;p kh&oacute; kh&#259;n trong vi&#7879;c c&#7889; nh&#7899; xem ai trong gia &#273;&igrave;nh h&#7885; &#273;&atilde; b&#7883; &#273;i&#7871;c, b&#7903;i m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7873;u giao ti&#7871;p v&#7899;i nhau b&#7857;ng ng&ocirc;n ng&#7919; k&yacute; hi&#7879;u.&#272;i&#7875;m quan tr&#7885;ng &#7903; &#273;&acirc;y l&agrave; ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;i&#7871;c kh&ocirc;ng b&#7883; coi l&agrave; &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t; b&#7903;i m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7873;u s&#7917; d&#7909;ng ng&ocirc;n ng&#7919; k&yacute; hi&#7879;u, &#273;i&#7871;c kh&ocirc;ng b&#7883; coi l&agrave; m&#7897;t lo&#7841;i khuy&#7871;t t&#7853;t v&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng bao gi&#7901; b&#7883; k&igrave; th&#7883;. B&#7903;i v&#7853;y ch&uacute;ng ta kh&ocirc;ng c&#7847;n ph&#7843;i &#273;&#7847;u h&agrave;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c s&#7921; k&#7923; th&#7883;, gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; vi&#7879;c ta kh&ocirc;ng &#273;&#7875; &yacute; &#273;&#7871;n nh&#7919;ng kh&aacute;c bi&#7879;t l&agrave; ho&agrave;n to&agrave;n t&#7921; nhi&ecirc;n. S&#7921; k&#7923; th&#7883; kh&ocirc;ng h&#7873; t&#7921; sinh ra trong m&#7895;i ch&uacute;ng ta - n&oacute; t&#7891;n t&#7841;i do n&#7873;n v&#259;n h&oacute;a. Vi&#7879;c ta h&#7885;c t&#7915; trong ch&iacute;nh c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng c&#7911;a m&igrave;nh l&agrave; c&#7843; m&#7897;t qu&aacute; tr&igrave;nh, v&agrave; cu&#7889;i c&ugrave;ng, ta s&#7869; c&oacute; th&#7875; thay &#273;&#7893;i nh&#7919;ng g&igrave; m&agrave; ch&uacute;ng ta d&#7841;y l&#7841;i cho th&#7871; h&#7879; sau.&nbsp;----------------------------------------------Translator: Tr&#7847;n LinhEditor: Nguy&#7877;n Mai ChiH&igrave;nh &#7843;nh minh h&#7885;a: S&#432;u t&#7847;m InternetLink b&agrave;i g&#7889;c: https://nextbigideaclub.com/magazine/nobodys-normal-culture-created-stigma-mental-illness-bookbite/26246/----------------------------------------------&#119826;&#119832;&#119812; - &#119826;&#119828;&#119809; &#119832;&#119848;&#119854;&#119853;&#119841; &#119812;&#119837;&#119842;&#119853;&#119848;&#119851;Fanpage: SUB Youth EditorEmail: sye.youthplus.vn@gmail.comWebsite: youth.com.vn&nbsp;&nbsp;

SUB Youth Editor

1. Khái niệm bình thường và bất thường là những vùng đất viễn tưởng bị bỏ hoangTrước chiến tranh thế giới thứ hai. Từ “normal” - bình thường - chỉ 

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