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<html><body>&ldquo;Con &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#7875; ph&aacute;t tri&#7875;n kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7881; l&agrave; duy nh&#7845;tBi&#7871;t t&igrave;m h&#432;&#7899;ng &#273;i &#273;&uacute;ng ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n t&#7841;o th&agrave;nh c&ocirc;ng&rdquo;Ng&#432;&#7901;i ta c&#7913; b&#7843;o: &ldquo;Tu&#7893;i tr&#7867; nh&#432; tr&aacute;i xanh, v&#7883; chua c&#7911;a n&oacute; th&igrave; kh&ocirc;ng tr&aacute;i ch&iacute;n n&agrave;o c&oacute; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c.&rdquo; &#272;&#7901;i ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#361;ng v&#7853;y, m&#7895;i m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i, d&ugrave; &iacute;t d&ugrave; nhi&#7873;u, h&#7885; c&#7847;n c&#7843;m nh&#7853;n v&agrave; &#273;&#7855;m ch&igrave;m s&acirc;u s&#7855;c v&agrave;o th&#7871; gi&#7899;i xung quanh m&igrave;nh; &#273;&#7875; r&#7891;i v&#7841;ch ra m&#7897;t th&#7871; gi&#7899;i quan nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7883;nh mang &#273;&#7853;m c&aacute; t&iacute;nh b&#7843;n th&acirc;n. X&aacute;c &#273;&#7883;nh m&#7909;c ti&ecirc;u, &#273;&#7883;nh h&#432;&#7899;ng s&#7869; gi&uacute;p con ng&#432;&#7901;i l&agrave;m ch&#7911; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#432;&#417;ng lai. V&#7853;y, ch&uacute;ng ta c&oacute; &#273;ang th&#7853;t s&#7921; &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#7919;ng g&igrave; m&igrave;nh mong &#273;&#7907;i?Sustainable Development Goals #8M&#7909;c ti&ecirc;u ph&aacute;t tri&#7875;n b&#7873;n v&#7919;ng (Sustainable Development Goals &ndash; SDG), c&ograve;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#7885;i l&agrave; M&#7909;c ti&ecirc;u to&agrave;n c&#7847;u, l&agrave; m&#7909;c ti&ecirc;u ph&#7893; qu&aacute;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c thi&#7871;t k&#7871; nh&#7857;m ch&#7845;m d&#7913;t &#273;&oacute;i ngh&egrave;o, b&#7843;o v&#7879; h&agrave;nh tinh v&agrave; &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o r&#7857;ng t&#7845;t c&#7843; m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c h&#432;&#7903;ng h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh v&agrave; th&#7883;nh v&#432;&#7907;ng v&agrave;o n&#259;m 2030 &#7903; m&#7895;i qu&#7889;c gia th&agrave;nh vi&ecirc;n Li&ecirc;n hi&#7879;p qu&#7889;c (LHQ). M&#7909;c ti&ecirc;u ph&aacute;t tri&#7875;n b&#7873;n v&#7919;ng l&agrave; s&#7921; ti&#7871;p n&#7889;i c&#7911;a M&#7909;c ti&ecirc;u Ph&aacute;t tri&#7875;n Thi&ecirc;n ni&ecirc;n k&#7927; (Millennium Development Goals &ndash; MDG) .M&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng M&#7909;c ti&ecirc;u Ph&aacute;t tri&#7875;n B&#7873;n v&#7919;ng m&agrave; b&#7845;t c&#7913; m&#7897;t c&ocirc;ng d&acirc;n n&agrave;o c&#361;ng c&#7847;n h&#432;&#7899;ng &#273;&#7871;n ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; M&#7909;c ti&ecirc;u s&#7889; 8: C&ocirc;ng vi&#7879;c v&agrave; t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng kinh t&#7871;, nh&#7857;m th&uacute;c &#273;&#7849;y t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng kinh t&#7871; b&#7873;n v&#7919;ng, bao qu&aacute;t v&agrave; thu&#7853;n l&#7907;i, cung c&#7845;p vi&#7879;c l&agrave;m &#273;&#7847;y &#273;&#7911;, hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; v&agrave; &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o c&ocirc;ng b&#7857;ng cho t&#7845;t c&#7843; m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i. SDG8 &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#7875; hi&#7879;n trong c&aacute;c k&#7871; ho&#7841;ch c&#7911;a ch&iacute;nh ph&#7911; &#7903; nhi&#7873;u c&#7845;p &#273;&#7897;.&nbsp;Th&uacute;c &#273;&#7849;y vi&#7879;c l&agrave;m v&agrave; doanh nghi&#7879;p, &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o quy&#7873;n t&#7841;i n&#417;i l&agrave;m vi&#7879;c, m&#7903; r&#7897;ng b&#7843;o tr&#7907; x&atilde; h&#7897;i v&agrave; th&uacute;c &#273;&#7849;y &#273;&#7889;i tho&#7841;i x&atilde; h&#7897;i l&agrave; b&#7889;n tr&#7909; c&#7897;t, l&agrave; m&#7897;t ch&#7911; &#273;&#7873; xuy&ecirc;n su&#7889;t c&#7911;a Ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&igrave;nh ngh&#7883; s&#7921; l&agrave;m vi&#7879;c c&#7911;a ILO (International Labour Organization - T&#7893; ch&#7913;c Lao &#273;&#7897;ng Qu&#7889;c t&#7871;); sau c&ugrave;ng, nh&#7857;m h&#432;&#7899;ng t&#7899;i t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng kinh t&#7871; to&agrave;n di&#7879;n v&agrave; b&#7873;n v&#7919;ng, vi&#7879;c l&agrave;m v&agrave; c&ocirc;ng vi&#7879;c t&#7889;t cho t&#7845;t c&#7843;.&nbsp;Tuy nhi&ecirc;n, vi&#7879;c tri&#7875;n khai c&ograve;n y&#7871;u v&agrave; c&#7847;n n&#7895; l&#7921;c nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7841;t k&#7871;t qu&#7843; mong &#273;&#7907;i.Trong th&#7921;c t&#7871;, SDG8 hi&#7879;n ch&#7881; &#273;&#7863;t m&#7909;c ti&ecirc;u &#273;&#7871;n n&#259;m 2020 v&agrave; thi&#7871;u c&aacute;c ch&#7881; s&#7889; c&#7909; th&#7875; &#273;&#7875; &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng s&#7921; ph&aacute;t tri&#7875;n to&agrave;n di&#7879;n.T&igrave;nh h&igrave;nh tri&#7875;n khai SDG#8 v&agrave; nh&#7919;ng m&#7909;c ti&ecirc;u&#7902; nhi&#7873;u n&#417;i tr&ecirc;n th&#7871; gi&#7899;i, vi&#7879;c s&#7903; h&#7919;u m&#7897;t c&ocirc;ng vi&#7879;c nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7883;nh kh&ocirc;ng th&#7875; &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o kh&#7843; n&#259;ng tho&aacute;t ngh&egrave;o. Vi&#7879;c ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c thi&#7871;u c&#417; h&#7897;i l&agrave;m vi&#7879;c t&#7917; t&#7871;, &#273;&#7847;u t&#432; kh&ocirc;ng &#273;&#7911; v&agrave; ti&ecirc;u th&#7909; d&#432;&#7899;i m&#7913;c d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n s&#7921; x&oacute;i m&ograve;n h&#7907;p &#273;&#7891;ng x&atilde; h&#7897;i c&#417; b&#7843;n l&agrave;m n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng cho c&aacute;c x&atilde; h&#7897;i d&acirc;n ch&#7911;.K&#7875; t&#7915; suy tho&aacute;i kinh t&#7871; to&agrave;n c&#7847;u n&#259;m 2009, n&#259;ng su&#7845;t lao &#273;&#7897;ng (t&iacute;nh theo GDP tr&ecirc;n m&#7895;i ng&#432;&#7901;i c&oacute; vi&#7879;c l&agrave;m) &#273;&atilde; t&#259;ng l&ecirc;n tr&ecirc;n th&#7871; gi&#7899;i, ghi nh&#7853;n t&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng h&agrave;ng n&#259;m t&iacute;ch c&#7921;c k&#7875; t&#7915; n&#259;m 2010. N&#259;m 2018, n&#259;ng su&#7845;t lao &#273;&#7897;ng c&#7911;a th&#7871; gi&#7899;i t&#259;ng 2,1%, cao nh&#7845;t h&agrave;ng n&#259;m t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng k&#7875; t&#7915; n&#259;m 2010.Vi&#7879;c l&agrave;m phi ch&iacute;nh th&#7913;c, c&oacute; t&aacute;c &#273;&#7897;ng &#273;&#7871;n ngu&#7891;n thu nh&#7853;p, an to&agrave;n v&agrave; s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e ngh&#7873; nghi&#7879;p c&#361;ng nh&#432; &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n l&agrave;m vi&#7879;c, v&#7851;n c&ograve;n ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n: &#7903; 3/4 c&aacute;c qu&#7889;c gia c&oacute; d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#7873; ch&#7911; &#273;&#7873; n&agrave;y, h&#417;n m&#7897;t n&#7917;a s&#7889; ng&#432;&#7901;i l&agrave;m vi&#7879;c trong c&aacute;c l&#297;nh v&#7921;c phi n&ocirc;ng nghi&#7879;p l&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; vi&#7879;c l&agrave;m ch&iacute;nh th&#7913;c.Nh&#7919;ng con s&#7889; ti&ecirc;u bi&#7875;u<ul><li>M&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng GDP th&#7921;c t&#7871; h&agrave;ng n&#259;m t&#7915; n&#259;m 2010 &#273;&#7871;n n&#259;m 2017 &#7903; c&aacute;c n&#432;&#7899;c k&eacute;m ph&aacute;t tri&#7875;n nh&#7845;t c&#361;ng &#273;&atilde; t&#259;ng 4.8%, trong khi m&#7913;c t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng GDP m&agrave; m&#7909;c ti&ecirc;u ph&aacute;t tri&#7875;n b&#7873;n v&#7919;ng &#273;&#7873; ra l&agrave; 7%.</li><li>N&#259;m 2018, n&#259;ng su&#7845;t lao &#273;&#7897;ng t&#259;ng 2.1% so v&#7899;i n&#259;m 2017, l&agrave; m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng b&igrave;nh qu&acirc;n cao nh&#7845;t k&#7875; t&#7915; n&#259;m 2010.</li><li>Nh&#432;ng c&ograve;n kho&#7843;ng c&aacute;ch trong vi&#7879;c l&agrave;m gi&#7919;a nam gi&#7899;i v&agrave; n&#7919; gi&#7899;i, b&#7903;i m&#7913;c l&#432;&#417;ng trung b&igrave;nh theo gi&#7901; c&#7911;a nam gi&#7899;i v&#7851;n cao h&#417;n c&#7911;a n&#7919; gi&#7899;i 12%.</li><li>T&#7927; l&#7879; th&#7845;t nghi&#7879;p l&agrave; 5% v&agrave;o n&#259;m 2018, t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#432;&#417;ng v&#7899;i m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; tr&#432;&#7899;c kh&#7911;ng ho&#7843;ng. Ng&#432;&#7901;i tr&#7867; c&oacute; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng th&#7845;t nghi&#7879;p cao g&#7845;p ba l&#7847;n so v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i tr&#432;&#7903;ng th&agrave;nh.</li><li>M&#7897;t ph&#7847;n n&#259;m s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i tr&#7867; hi&#7879;n nay &#273;ang &#7903; trong t&igrave;nh tr&#7841;ng thi&#7871;u tr&igrave;nh &#273;&#7897; h&#7885;c v&#7845;n, kinh nghi&#7879;m l&agrave;m vi&#7879;c v&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&agrave;o t&#7841;o b&agrave;i b&#7843;n.</li></ul>N&#259;m 2017, t&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng GDP th&#7921;c t&#7871; tr&ecirc;n &#273;&#7847;u ng&#432;&#7901;i to&agrave;n c&#7847;u l&agrave; 1,9% v&agrave; d&#7921; ki&#7871;n &#8203;&#8203;s&#7869; duy tr&igrave; &#7903; m&#7913;c kho&#7843;ng 2% t&#7915; n&#259;m 2018 &#273;&#7871;n 2020. Con s&#7889; n&agrave;y th&#7845;p h&#417;n &#273;&aacute;ng k&#7875; so v&#7899;i t&#7927; l&#7879; 3% &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c trong n&#259;m 2010 v&agrave; cao h&#417;n m&#7897;t ch&uacute;t so v&#7899;i n&#259;m 2015 t&#7927; l&#7879; 1,63 ph&#7847;n tr&#259;m. D&#7921;a tr&ecirc;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#7911;a 62 qu&#7889;c gia, kho&#7843;ng c&aacute;ch tr&#7843; l&#432;&#417;ng theo gi&#7899;i t&iacute;nh trung b&igrave;nh l&agrave; 12%. Kho&#7843;ng c&aacute;ch v&#7873; gi&#7899;i t&iacute;nh trung b&igrave;nh c&#361;ng v&#432;&#7907;t qu&aacute; 20% trong c&aacute;c ngh&#7873; nghi&#7879;p qu&#7843;n l&yacute; v&agrave; chuy&ecirc;n nghi&#7879;p, gi&#7919;a c&aacute;c c&ocirc;ng nh&acirc;n trong ng&agrave;nh th&#7911; c&ocirc;ng v&agrave; c&aacute;c ng&agrave;nh ngh&#7873; li&ecirc;n quan v&agrave; gi&#7919;a c&aacute;c nh&agrave; khai th&aacute;c v&agrave; l&#7855;p r&aacute;p m&aacute;y m&oacute;c c&#7911;a nh&agrave; m&aacute;y. B&ecirc;n c&#7841;nh &#273;&oacute;, d&#7921;a tr&ecirc;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u g&#7847;n &#273;&acirc;y t&#7915; kho&#7843;ng 55 qu&#7889;c gia, trung b&igrave;nh c&oacute; 3 tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p t&#7917; vong x&#7843;y ra tr&ecirc;n 100.000 nh&acirc;n vi&ecirc;n v&agrave; trung b&igrave;nh l&agrave; 889 ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7883; th&#432;&#417;ng kh&ocirc;ng t&#7917; vong x&#7843;y ra tr&ecirc;n 100.000 nh&acirc;n vi&ecirc;n.&nbsp;&#272;&#7889;i m&#7863;t v&#7899;i vi&#7879;c x&acirc;y d&#7921;ng SDG8 - ph&#7843;i th&#7853;t quy&#7871;t t&acirc;m!Tr&#432;&#7899;c h&#7871;t, ph&#7843;i ki&ecirc;n quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7863;t vi&#7879;c t&#7841;o vi&#7879;c l&agrave;m v&agrave;o trung t&acirc;m c&#7911;a c&aacute;c k&#7871; ho&#7841;ch x&acirc;y d&#7921;ng v&agrave; ho&#7841;ch &#273;&#7883;nh ch&iacute;nh s&aacute;ch kinh t&#7871;. s&#7869; kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7881; t&#7841;o ra c&#417; h&#7897;i vi&#7879;c l&agrave;m t&#7889;t m&agrave; c&ograve;n t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng m&#7841;nh m&#7869; h&#417;n, bao tr&ugrave;m v&agrave; gi&#7843;m ngh&egrave;o. &#272;&oacute; l&agrave; m&#7897;t h&#432;&#7899;ng gi&#7843;i quy&#7871;t kh&#7843; thi cho n&#7873;n kinh t&#7871; c&#361;ng nh&#432; cho m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i v&agrave; l&agrave; m&#7897;t &#273;&#7897;ng l&#7921;c th&uacute;c &#273;&#7849;y s&#7921; ph&aacute;t tri&#7875;n b&#7873;n v&#7919;ng.Tr&ecirc;n to&agrave;n c&#7847;u, n&#259;ng su&#7845;t lao &#273;&#7897;ng &#273;&atilde; t&#259;ng l&ecirc;n v&agrave; t&#7927; l&#7879; th&#7845;t nghi&#7879;p to&agrave;n c&#7847;u cu&#7889;i c&ugrave;ng &#273;&atilde; ph&#7909;c h&#7891;i t&#7915; cu&#7897;c kh&#7911;ng ho&#7843;ng kinh t&#7871; to&agrave;n c&#7847;u. Gi&#7843;i quy&#7871;t nh&#7919;ng r&#7911;i ro kh&ocirc;ng &#273;&aacute;ng c&oacute; t&#7841;i n&#417;i l&agrave;m vi&#7879;c c&#7911;a nhi&#7873;u c&ocirc;ng nh&acirc;n tr&ecirc;n kh&#7855;p th&#7871; gi&#7899;i c&#361;ng l&agrave; m&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng vi&#7879;c c&#7845;p thi&#7871;t c&#7847;n th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n.&nbsp;&#272;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i, &#273;&#7849;y m&#7841;nh giao l&#432;u v&#7899;i th&#7871; gi&#7899;i b&ecirc;n ngo&agrave;i c&#361;ng nh&#432; &#273;&#7847;u t&#432; v&agrave;o r&egrave;n luy&#7879;n, b&#7893; sung c&aacute;c k&#7929; n&#259;ng thi&#7871;t y&#7871;u; t&#7853;p trung khai th&aacute;c ti&#7873;m l&#7921;c c&#7911;a nh&acirc;n t&agrave;i, m&#361;i nh&#7885;n c&#7911;a &#273;&#7845;t n&#432;&#7899;c, v.v. ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; nh&#7919;ng h&agrave;nh &#273;&#7897;ng g&oacute;p ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n t&#7841;o s&#7921; thay &#273;&#7893;i t&iacute;ch c&#7921;c cho &#273;&#7845;t n&#432;&#7899;c.Tuy nhi&ecirc;n, n&#7873;n kinh t&#7871; to&agrave;n c&#7847;u &#273;ang t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng v&#7899;i t&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; ch&#7853;m h&#417;n. C&#7847;n nhi&#7873;u ti&#7871;n b&#7897; h&#417;n &#273;&#7875; t&#259;ng c&#417; h&#7897;i vi&#7879;c l&agrave;m, &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t l&agrave; cho nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i tr&#7867; tu&#7893;i, gi&#7843;m vi&#7879;c l&agrave;m kh&ocirc;ng ch&iacute;nh th&#7913;c v&agrave; kho&#7843;ng c&aacute;ch v&#7873; gi&#7899;i v&agrave; th&uacute;c &#273;&#7849;y m&ocirc;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng l&agrave;m vi&#7879;c an to&agrave;n v&agrave; an to&agrave;n &#273;&#7875; t&#7841;o ra c&ocirc;ng vi&#7879;c t&#7889;t cho t&#7845;t c&#7843; m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i.Th&uacute;c &#273;&#7849;y s&#7921; t&#7921; gi&aacute;c, t&#7853;n d&#7909;ng t&#7889;i &#273;a nh&#7919;ng ti&#7873;m n&#259;ng trong b&#7841;n c&#361;ng nh&#432; ch&uacute; tr&#7885;ng ph&aacute;t huy s&#7921; s&aacute;ng t&#7841;o, &#273;a t&agrave;i c&#7911;a t&#7915;ng c&aacute; nh&acirc;n ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; con &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng nhanh nh&#7845;t d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n s&#7921; th&agrave;nh c&ocirc;ng to&agrave;n c&#7847;u. &#272;&#7847;u t&#432; con ng&#432;&#7901;i l&agrave; b&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#7847;u kh&#7903;i ph&aacute;t s&#7921; b&ugrave;ng n&#7893; c&#7911;a x&atilde; h&#7897;i th&#7883;nh v&#432;&#7907;ng.Ngu&#7891;n tham kh&#7843;o:<a href="https://www.ilo.org/global/topics/sdg-2030/goal-8/WCMS_403787/lang--en/index.htm">Targets for Goal #8: Decent work and economic growth</a><a href="https://www.ilo.org/global/topics/sdg-2030/goal-8/lang--en/index.htm">Goal #8: Decent work and economic growth (The 2030 development agenda)</a></body></html>

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