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<html><body>&#272;&#7882;NH H&#431;&#7898;NG NGH&#7872; NGHI&#7878;P NH&Oacute;M X&Atilde; H&#7896;I V&Agrave; NH&Oacute;M NGHI&#7878;P V&#7908; THEO JOHN HOLLANDC&aacute;c b&#7841;n c&oacute; th&#7875; test John Holland t&#7841;i &#273;&acirc;y: <a href="https://youth.com.vn/trac-nghiem-john-holland">https://youth.com.vn/trac-nghiem-john-holland</a>Khi hai nh&oacute;m &lsquo;Gi&uacute;p &#273;&#7905;&rsquo; v&agrave; &lsquo;Tr&aacute;ch nhi&#7879;m&rsquo; g&#7863;p nhau &ndash; T&#7893; h&#7907;p X&atilde; h&#7897;i &amp; Nghi&#7879;p v&#7909;Trong nh&#7919;ng b&agrave;i vi&#7871;t tr&#432;&#7899;c, t&ocirc;i c&oacute; chia s&#7867; r&#7857;ng &#273;&#7863;c &#273;i&#7875;m c&#7911;a nh&oacute;m X&atilde; h&#7897;i l&agrave; l&ograve;ng y&ecirc;u th&iacute;ch v&agrave; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng l&agrave;m vi&#7879;c v&#7899;i con ng&#432;&#7901;i, th&iacute;ch soi s&aacute;ng, gi&uacute;p &#273;&#7905;, truy&#7873;n &#273;&#7841;t th&ocirc;ng tin, hu&#7845;n luy&#7879;n ho&#7863;c ch&#7919;a tr&#7883; cho ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&aacute;c, v&agrave; th&#432;&#7901;ng c&oacute; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng v&#7873; ng&ocirc;n ng&#7919;[1]. Trong khi &#273;&oacute; &#273;&#7863;c &#273;i&#7875;m c&#7911;a nh&oacute;m Nghi&#7879;p v&#7909; l&agrave; s&#7921; nh&#7841;y b&eacute;n v&#7899;i con s&#7889;, c&aacute;ch ti&ecirc;u ti&#7873;n c&#7849;n th&#7853;n, kh&#7843; n&#259;ng &#273;&#7875; &yacute; &#273;&#7871;n chi ti&#7871;t, v&agrave; s&#7921; t&#7881; m&#7881; trong th&oacute;i quen h&agrave;ng ng&agrave;y. H&#7885; t&ocirc;n tr&#7885;ng lu&#7853;t l&#7879; v&agrave; c&#7845;p b&#7853;c, th&iacute;ch s&#7921; ng&#259;n n&#7855;p, quy c&#7911;, c&oacute; tr&#432;&#7899;c c&oacute; sau trong cu&#7897;c s&#7889;ng. H&#7885; gi&#7919; tinh th&#7847;n tr&aacute;ch nhi&#7879;m cao trong t&#7845;t c&#7843; c&aacute;c vi&#7879;c h&#7885; l&agrave;m, lu&ocirc;n ho&agrave;n th&agrave;nh nh&#7919;ng &#273;i&#7873;u c&#7847;n l&agrave;m tr&#432;&#7899;c khi cho ph&eacute;p m&igrave;nh ngh&#7881; ng&#417;i.[2]Nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#7863;c &#273;i&#7875;m th&#432;&#7901;ng th&#7845;y &#7903; nh&#7919;ng ai c&oacute; c&#7843; hai nh&oacute;m X&atilde; h&#7897;i v&agrave; Nghi&#7879;p v&#7909; l&agrave;:<ul><li>H&#7885; th&iacute;ch gi&uacute;p &#273;&#7905; ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&aacute;c, r&#7845;t c&#7849;n tr&#7885;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c khi h&#7913;a, v&agrave; l&uacute;c &#273;&atilde; h&#7913;a th&igrave; ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n s&#7869; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#7901;i &#273;&atilde; h&#7913;a.</li><li>H&#7885; c&oacute; tinh th&#7847;n tr&aacute;ch nhi&#7879;m r&#7845;t cao. &#272;&#7863;c &#273;i&#7875;m n&agrave;y &#273;i k&egrave;m v&#7899;i kh&#7843; n&#259;ng giao ti&#7871;p v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i xung quanh t&#7889;t khi&#7871;n cho h&#7885; d&#7877; t&#7841;o &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ni&#7873;m tin &#7903; ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7889;i di&#7879;n v&#7873; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng ho&agrave;n th&agrave;nh c&ocirc;ng vi&#7879;c c&#7911;a h&#7885;.</li><li>H&#7885; c&oacute; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng v&#7873; ng&ocirc;n ng&#7919; v&agrave; di&#7877;n &#273;&#7841;t t&#7889;t &yacute; t&#432;&#7903;ng c&#7911;a m&igrave;nh. &#272;&#7863;c &#273;i&#7875;m n&agrave;y gi&uacute;p h&#7885; gi&#7843;i th&iacute;ch v&#7873; c&aacute;c quy tr&igrave;nh, lu&#7853;t l&#7879;, nguy&ecirc;n t&#7855;c m&#7897;t c&aacute;ch minh b&#7841;ch, d&#7877; hi&#7875;u, v&agrave; v&#7899;i s&#7921; ki&ecirc;n nh&#7851;n hi&#7871;m c&oacute;. Do &#273;&oacute;, h&#7885; d&#7877; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&ograve;ng m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i v&agrave; d&#7877; thuy&#7871;t ph&#7909;c ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&aacute;c l&agrave;m theo h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n c&#7911;a h&#7885;.</li><li>Ng&#432;&#7901;i xung quanh c&#7843;m th&#7845;y an t&acirc;m khi l&agrave;m vi&#7879;c c&ugrave;ng h&#7885; v&igrave; s&#7921; th&#7921;c ti&#7877;n v&agrave; tinh th&#7847;n tr&aacute;ch nhi&#7879;m c&#7911;a h&#7885;. &#272;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i, ng&#432;&#7901;i xung quanh c&#361;ng c&#7843;m th&#7845;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&ocirc;ng c&#7843;m v&agrave; l&#7855;ng nghe b&#7903;i h&#7885; v&igrave; h&#7885; hi&#7875;u c&#7843;m x&uacute;c c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&aacute;c t&#7889;t v&agrave; ki&ecirc;n nh&#7851;n trong giao ti&#7871;p.</li></ul>Ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7885;c t&#7899;i &#273;&acirc;y c&oacute; th&#7875; ngh&#297; b&#7909;ng sao t&#7893; h&#7907;p n&agrave;y l&yacute; t&#432;&#7903;ng v&#7853;y. Nh&#432;ng kh&ocirc;ng, v&igrave; c&aacute;c &#273;&#7863;c &#273;i&#7875;m tr&ecirc;n m&agrave; nh&#7919;ng ai c&oacute; t&#7893; h&#7907;p X&atilde; h&#7897;i &amp; Nghi&#7879;p v&#7909; ph&#7843;i &#273;&#7889;i di&#7879;n v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng th&aacute;ch th&#7913;c sau:<ul><li>H&#7885; c&#7847;u to&agrave;n trong c&ocirc;ng vi&#7879;c c&#361;ng nh&#432; mu&#7889;n l&agrave;m ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&aacute;c h&agrave;i l&ograve;ng n&ecirc;n r&#7845;t d&#7877; b&#7883; c&#259;ng th&#7859;ng v&agrave; &aacute;p l&#7921;c trong c&aacute;c vai tr&ograve; t&#7915; trong gia &#273;&igrave;nh &#273;&#7871;n ngo&agrave;i x&atilde; h&#7897;i.</li><li>H&#7885; hay &lsquo;b&#7883;&rsquo; nh&#7901; v&#7843; b&#7903;i ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&aacute;c v&agrave; kh&oacute; t&#7915; ch&#7889;i v&igrave; l&ograve;ng y&ecirc;u th&#432;&#417;ng n&ecirc;n d&#7877; r&#417;i v&agrave;o t&igrave;nh tr&#7841;ng g&aacute;nh nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n s&#7913;c kho&#7867; (c&#7843; th&#7875; ch&#7845;t v&agrave; tinh th&#7847;n) cho ph&eacute;p.</li><li>Ng&#432;&#7901;i xung quanh quen nh&igrave;n h&#7885; nh&#432; &lsquo;si&ecirc;u nh&acirc;n&rsquo; c&oacute; th&#7875; l&agrave;m h&#7871;t m&#7885;i chuy&#7879;n. V&agrave; &iacute;t ai ch&#7883;u kh&oacute; t&igrave;m hi&#7875;u &#273;&#7857;ng sau v&#7887; ngo&agrave;i &lsquo;ho&agrave;n h&#7843;o&rsquo; h&#7885; c&oacute; nhi&#7873;u nhu c&#7847;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c n&acirc;ng &#273;&#7905;, h&#7895; tr&#7907;, th&ocirc;ng c&#7843;m nh&#432; bao ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&aacute;c.</li></ul>Nu&ocirc;i d&#432;&#7905;ng theo t&#7921; nhi&ecirc;nNh&oacute;m b&#7841;n tr&#7867; c&oacute; &#273;&#7863;c &#273;i&#7875;m ngh&#7873; c&#7911;a hai nh&oacute;m X&atilde; h&#7897;i v&agrave; Nghi&#7879;p v&#7909; ch&uacute; &yacute; &#273;&#7871;n nh&#7919;ng &#273;i&#7873;u sau:<ul><li>Hi&#7875;u r&#7857;ng ngo&agrave;i nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#7863;c &#273;i&#7875;m c&#7911;a nh&oacute;m Nghi&#7879;p v&#7909; l&agrave; s&#7921; nh&#7841;y b&eacute;n v&#7899;i con s&#7889;, kh&#7843; n&#259;ng s&#7855;p x&#7871;p v&agrave; &#273;&#7875; &yacute; chi ti&#7871;t, tinh th&#7847;n tr&aacute;ch nhi&#7879;m v&agrave; t&#7921; ch&#7911; cao, h&#7885; c&#361;ng c&oacute; nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#7863;c &#273;i&#7875;m c&#7911;a nh&oacute;m X&atilde; h&#7897;i l&agrave; s&#7921; nh&#7841;y c&#7843;m, kh&#7843; n&#259;ng hi&#7875;u c&#7843;m x&uacute;c v&agrave; l&ograve;ng y&ecirc;u th&iacute;ch tr&#7907; gi&uacute;p ng&#432;&#7901;i xung quanh. C&oacute; r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u b&#7841;n c&oacute; t&#7893; h&#7907;p X&atilde; h&#7897;i &amp; Nghi&#7879;p v&#7909; sau nhi&#7873;u n&#259;m &#273;i l&agrave;m nh&#7853;n ra m&igrave;nh kh&ocirc;ng h&#7841;nh ph&uacute;c v&igrave; ho&agrave;n to&agrave;n ch&#432;a &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&aacute;t tri&#7875;n nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#7863;c &#273;i&#7875;m c&#7911;a nh&oacute;m X&atilde; h&#7897;i.</li><li>&#272;&#7875; &yacute; &#273;&#7871;n nhu c&#7847;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#259;m s&oacute;c v&agrave; y&ecirc;u th&#432;&#417;ng c&#7911;a h&#7885;. &#272;&#7915;ng v&igrave; h&#7885; lu&ocirc;n l&agrave; con ngoan, tr&ograve; gi&#7887;i, m&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng th&egrave;m &#273;&#7875; &yacute; &#273;&#7871;n nh&#7919;ng nhu c&#7847;u nho nh&#7887; h&#7857;ng ng&agrave;y c&#7911;a h&#7885;. &#272;&acirc;y l&agrave; nh&oacute;m th&#432;&#7901;ng b&#7883; b&#7887; qua v&igrave; h&#7885; qu&aacute; &lsquo;ngoan&rsquo; v&agrave; &lsquo;t&#7921; l&#7853;p&rsquo; trong gia &#273;&igrave;nh c&#361;ng nh&#432; &#7903; tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7885;c.</li><li>Khuy&#7871;n kh&iacute;ch h&#7885; &lsquo;th&#7917; c&aacute;i m&#7899;i&rsquo; v&agrave; &lsquo;l&agrave;m l&#7895;i&rsquo; v&igrave; h&#7885; th&#432;&#7901;ng &#432;a s&#7921; an to&agrave;n; khuy&#7871;n kh&iacute;ch h&#7885; tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m nh&#7919;ng ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng l&#7841; v&agrave; ngo&agrave;i v&ugrave;ng an to&agrave;n &#273;&#7875; h&#7885; t&#7853;p &lsquo;ch&#417;i&rsquo; v&agrave; &lsquo;vui&rsquo; v&igrave; h&#7885; l&agrave; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i r&#7845;t nghi&ecirc;m t&uacute;c.</li></ul>&#7902; tu&#7893;i d&#7853;y th&igrave;, nh&#7919;ng b&#7841;n c&oacute; &#273;&#7863;c &#273;i&#7875;m ngh&#7873; nghi&#7879;p c&#7911;a hai nh&oacute;m X&atilde; h&#7897;i v&agrave; Nghi&#7879;p v&#7909; c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c h&#7895; tr&#7907; &#273;&#7875;:<ul><li>Hi&#7875;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7863;c &#273;i&#7875;m t&#7921; nhi&ecirc;n c&#7911;a m&igrave;nh v&agrave; s&#7889;ng c&ugrave;ng nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#7863;c &#273;i&#7875;m &#7845;y</li><li>Hi&#7875;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&aacute;c &#273;i&#7875;m y&#7871;u do nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#7863;c &#273;i&#7875;m t&#7921; nhi&ecirc;n mang l&#7841;i v&agrave; h&#7885;c c&aacute;ch b&#7893; t&uacute;c c&aacute;c &#273;i&#7875;m y&#7871;u &#7845;y</li></ul>C&#417; h&#7897;i ngh&#7873; nghi&#7879;pTheo b&#7843;n &#273;&#7891; th&#7871; gi&#7899;i ngh&#7873; nghi&#7879;p c&#7911;a ACT[3] v&agrave; m&#7841;ng ngh&#7873; nghi&#7879;p O*net c&#7911;a M&#7929;[4], m&#7897;t s&#7889; c&ocirc;ng vi&#7879;c ph&ugrave; h&#7907;p cho nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i c&oacute; hai nh&oacute;m X&atilde; h&#7897;i v&agrave; Nghi&#7879;p v&#7909; bao g&#7891;m:<ul><li>Nh&oacute;m ng&agrave;nh thu&#7897;c kh&#7889;i Y t&#7871;: K&#7929; thu&#7853;t vi&ecirc;n nh&atilde;n khoa, Ph&#7909; t&aacute; nha s&#297;, K&#7929; thu&#7853;t vi&ecirc;n d&#432;&#7907;c, Nh&agrave; qu&#7843;n tr&#7883; d&#7883;ch v&#7909; y t&#7871; v&agrave; s&#7913;c kho&#7867;, Tr&#7907; l&yacute; y t&#7871;, Y t&aacute;, Chuy&ecirc;n gia ph&#7909;c h&#7891;i ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng ngh&#7873; nghi&#7879;p, Tr&#7907; l&yacute; ch&#259;m s&oacute;c c&aacute; nh&acirc;n, &hellip;</li><li>Nh&oacute;m ng&agrave;nh thu&#7897;c kh&#7889;i Gi&aacute;o d&#7909;c: Th&#7911; th&#432;, Tr&#7907; l&yacute; th&#432; vi&#7879;n, Tr&#7907; gi&#7843;ng, Nh&agrave; qu&#7843;n tr&#7883; gi&aacute;o d&#7909;c tr&#432;&#7901;ng m&#7847;m non, Chuy&ecirc;n vi&ecirc;n &#273;&agrave;o t&#7841;o v&agrave; ph&aacute;t tri&#7875;n t&agrave;i n&#259;ng, Gi&aacute;o vi&ecirc;n gi&aacute;o d&#7909;c &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t c&#7845;p m&#7851;u gi&aacute;o v&agrave; ti&#7875;u h&#7885;c, Gi&aacute;o vi&ecirc;n ti&#7875;u h&#7885;c, Gi&aacute;o vi&ecirc;n h&#432;&#7899;ng nghi&#7879;p c&#7845;p trung h&#7885;c c&#417; s&#7903;, &hellip;</li><li>Nh&oacute;m ng&agrave;nh thu&#7897;c kh&#7889;i D&#7883;ch v&#7909; kh&aacute;ch h&agrave;ng: Nh&acirc;n vi&ecirc;n ph&#7909;c v&#7909; nh&agrave; h&agrave;ng, &#272;&#7841;i di&#7879;n d&#7883;ch v&#7909; kh&aacute;ch h&agrave;ng, Ti&#7871;p vi&ecirc;n h&agrave;ng kh&ocirc;ng, H&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n vi&ecirc;n du l&#7883;ch,</li><li>Nh&oacute;m ng&agrave;nh thu&#7897;c kh&#7889;i kh&aacute;c: C&#7889; v&#7845;n t&iacute;n d&#7909;ng, Nh&agrave; qu&#7843;n tr&#7883; nh&acirc;n s&#7921;, T&#432; v&#7845;n vi&ecirc;n cho vay, Chuy&ecirc;n vi&ecirc;n nh&acirc;n s&#7921;, Chuy&ecirc;n vi&ecirc;n quan h&#7879; lao &#273;&#7897;ng, Ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#7893; ch&#7913;c s&#7921; ki&#7879;n, Qu&#7843;n l&yacute; qu&#7929; &#273;&#7847;u t&#432;, &hellip;</li></ul>Tr&ecirc;n &#273;&acirc;y ch&#7881; l&agrave; m&#7897;t s&#7889; &iacute;t v&iacute; d&#7909; ngh&#7873; nghi&#7879;p m&agrave; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i thu&#7897;c hai nh&oacute;m X&atilde; h&#7897;i v&agrave; Nghi&#7879;p v&#7909; c&oacute; th&#7875; th&#7845;y ph&ugrave; h&#7907;p v&#7899;i h&#7885;. C&aacute;c b&#7841;n tr&#7867; h&atilde;y l&#432;u &yacute; r&#7857;ng c&ograve;n r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u ng&agrave;nh ngh&#7873; kh&aacute;c ph&ugrave; h&#7907;p kh&ocirc;ng k&eacute;m. Do &#273;&oacute;, khi tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m, thay v&igrave; &#273;&#7875; &yacute; t&ecirc;n ng&agrave;nh ngh&#7873;, b&#7841;n h&atilde;y &#273;&#7875; &yacute; c&aacute;c &#273;&#7863;c t&iacute;nh c&#7911;a ng&agrave;nh ngh&#7873; &#7845;y sao cho ch&uacute;ng ph&ugrave; h&#7907;p v&#7899;i c&#7843; hai nh&oacute;m X&atilde; h&#7897;i v&agrave; Nghi&#7879;p v&#7909; l&agrave; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c.K&#7871;tT&ocirc;i hy v&#7885;ng b&agrave;i vi&#7871;t n&agrave;y g&#7917;i &#273;&#7871;n c&aacute;c em v&agrave; qu&yacute; cha m&#7865; m&#7897;t g&oacute;c nh&igrave;n v&#7873; t&#7893; h&#7907;p X&atilde; h&#7897;i v&agrave; Nghi&#7879;p v&#7909; theo l&yacute; thuy&#7871;t Holland[5]. Xin l&#432;u &yacute; khi vi&#7871;t t&ocirc;i &#273;&atilde; c&#7889; g&#7855;ng &#273;&#432;a nh&#7919;ng th&ocirc;ng tin c&#259;n b&#7843;n t&#7915; c&aacute;c ngu&#7891;n &#273;&atilde; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c&nbsp; nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913;u ch&#7913;ng th&#7921;c. Tuy nhi&ecirc;n, s&#7921; tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m c&aacute; nh&acirc;n c&#7911;a m&#7895;i ng&#432;&#7901;i r&#7845;t quan tr&#7885;ng. Mong c&aacute;c em v&agrave; gia &#273;&igrave;nh s&#7917; d&#7909;ng b&agrave;i vi&#7871;t n&agrave;y nh&#432; m&#7897;t ngu&#7891;n tham kh&#7843;o v&agrave; t&#7921; t&igrave;m hi&#7875;u th&ecirc;m tr&#432;&#7899;c khi ra &#273;&#432;&#7907;c quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh ngh&#7873; nghi&#7879;p ph&ugrave; h&#7907;p nh&#7845;t cho b&#7843;n th&acirc;n v&agrave; gia &#273;&igrave;nh. T&ocirc;i ch&uacute;c c&aacute;c em v&agrave; qu&yacute; cha m&#7865; b&igrave;nh an v&agrave; t&igrave;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nhi&#7873;u&nbsp; ni&#7873;m vui trong h&agrave;nh tr&igrave;nh h&#432;&#7899;ng nghi&#7879;p s&#7855;p t&#7899;i.Ngu&#7891;n:Holland, J.&nbsp; (1985). Making Vocational Choices &ndash; A Theory Of Vocational Personalities And Work Environments. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc.</body></html>

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ĐỊNH HƯỚNG NGHỀ NGHIỆP NHÓM XÃ HỘI VÀ NHÓM NGHIỆP VỤ THEO JOHN HOLLAND

HƯỚNG NGHIỆP NHÓM XÃ HỘI VÀ NHÓM NGHIỆP VỤ THEO JOHN HOLLAND

Nhóm xã hội và nhóm nghiệp vụ theo John Holland