[PSYCHOHUB] LẦM TƯỞNG VÀ THỰC TẾ VỀ VẤN ĐỀ TỰ SÁT

[PSYCHOHUB] BYSTANDER EFFECT: BÀNG QUAN TRƯỚC MỌI TÌNH HUỐNG NƠI ĐÔNG NGƯỜI

[PSYCHOHUB] MANDELA EFFECT: KHOẢNH KHẮC SỰ THẬT PHƠI BÀY

PSYCHOHUB THUỘC TỔ CHỨC YOUTH+ COMMUNITY THÔNG BÁO TUYỂN THÀNH VIÊN GEN 3.0

K&yacute; &#7913;c sai g&acirc;y ra v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; th&#7921;c s&#7921;. Nh&#7853;n d&#7841;ng sai s&#7869; &#273;&#432;a m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i v&ocirc; t&#7897;i v&agrave;o t&ugrave;. M&#7897;t k&yacute; &#7913;c sai l&#7847;m v&#7873; th&#7901;i th&#417; &#7845;u c&oacute; th&#7875; khi&#7871;n m&#7897;t gia &#273;&igrave;nh tan v&#7905;. Nh&#432;ng n&#7871;u c&oacute; nh&#7919;ng c&aacute;ch &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7843;o ng&#432;&#7907;c k&yacute; &#7913;c sai l&#7879;ch th&igrave; sao? <h3>&#128204;&#272;i&#7873;u g&igrave; g&acirc;y ra v&#7899;i&nbsp; m&#7897;t b&#7897; nh&#7899; sai? T&#7841;i sao ta l&#7841;i nh&#7899; nh&#7919;ng &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#432;a t&#7915;ng x&#7843;y ra?</h3> Tr&iacute; nh&#7899; c&#7911;a con ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7873;m d&#7867;o v&agrave; d&#7877; thao t&aacute;c. Vi&#7879;c b&oacute;p m&eacute;o k&yacute; &#7913;c ho&#7863;c vi&#7879;c &#273;&#432;a ra th&ocirc;ng tin sai l&#7879;ch c&oacute; th&#7875; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#7871;n c&aacute;ch ta nh&#7899; l&#7841;i c&aacute;c s&#7921; ki&#7879;n d&ugrave; b&#7843;n th&acirc;n l&agrave; ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&atilde; tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p ch&#7913;ng ki&#7871;n v&agrave; tr&#7843;i qua. Ngo&agrave;i ra, trong m&#7897;t s&#7889; tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7883;nh, m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i c&oacute; th&#7875; b&#7883; cung c&#7845;p th&ocirc;ng tin sai l&#7879;ch v&agrave; b&#7883; thuy&#7871;t ph&#7909;c &#273;&#7875; tin r&#7857;ng m&#7897;t s&#7921; ki&#7879;n ch&#432;a bao gi&#7901; x&#7843;y ra th&#7921;c s&#7921; &#273;&atilde; x&#7843;y ra. Khi ch&uacute;ng&nbsp; ta ti&#7871;p nh&#7853;n c&aacute;c th&ocirc;ng tin kh&ocirc;ng &#273;&#7847;y &#273;&#7911;, n&atilde;o b&#7897; s&#7869; t&igrave;m c&aacute;ch &#273;i&#7873;n v&agrave;o ch&#7895; tr&#7889;ng. N&#7871;u b&#7841;n nh&igrave;n th&#7845;y m&#7897;t b&#7913;c &#7843;nh c&#7911;a m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i m&agrave; b&#7841;n ch&#432;a bao gi&#7901; g&#7863;p v&agrave; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7841;n chung &#273;&atilde; chia s&#7867; c&aacute;c chi ti&#7871;t m&ocirc; t&#7843; v&#7873; th&#7901;i gian d&agrave;nh cho ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&oacute;, b&#7841;n c&oacute; th&#7875; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u tin r&#7857;ng b&#7841;n &#273;&atilde; th&#7921;c s&#7921; g&#7863;p ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&oacute;. [1]&nbsp; <h3>&#128204; T&#7841;i sao k&yacute; &#7913;c thay &#273;&#7893;i theo th&#7901;i gian?</h3>Nh&agrave; t&acirc;m l&yacute; h&#7885;c Elizabeth Loftus c&#7911;a &#272;&#7841;i h&#7885;c California t&#7841;i Irvine, m&#7897;t nh&agrave; nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913;u c&oacute; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng v&#7873; tr&iacute; nh&#7899;, l&#432;u &yacute; r&#7857;ng m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i t&ocirc; &#273;i&#7875;m ho&#7863;c th&ecirc;m v&agrave;o k&yacute; &#7913;c c&#7911;a h&#7885; khi nh&#7899; l&#7841;i ho&#7863;c k&#7875; l&#7841;i. Theo th&#7901;i gian, v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng thay &#273;&#7893;i d&ugrave; ch&iacute;nh x&aacute;c hay kh&ocirc;ng &#273;&oacute; s&#7869; th&#7921;c s&#7921; tr&#7903; th&agrave;nh m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n k&yacute; &#7913;c trong t&acirc;m tr&iacute; c&#7911;a h&#7885;. Loftus c&#7843;nh b&aacute;o r&#7857;ng tr&iacute; nh&#7899; c&#7911;a con ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&ocirc;ng ph&#7843;i l&agrave; m&#7897;t thi&#7871;t b&#7883; ghi &acirc;m, m&agrave; gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; m&#7897;t trang Wikipedia h&#417;n: B&#7841;n c&oacute; th&#7875; thay &#273;&#7893;i n&oacute;, nh&#432;ng nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&aacute;c c&#361;ng c&oacute; th&#7875;. [1]&nbsp; <h3>&#128204; Ch&uacute;ng ta c&oacute; th&#7875; x&oacute;a b&#7887; nh&#7919;ng k&yacute; &#7913;c sai l&#7847;m kh&ocirc;ng? Vi&#7879;c x&oacute;a b&#7887; nh&#7919;ng k&yacute; &#7913;c sai l&agrave; r&#7845;t kh&oacute; ngay c&#7843; khi ch&uacute;ng ta bi&#7871;t ch&uacute;ng kh&ocirc;ng ph&#7843;i l&agrave; s&#7921; th&#7853;t.</h3> Trong m&#7897;t nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913;u m&#7899;i v&agrave;o n&#259;m 2021, Gs. Ts. Aileen Oeberst v&agrave; c&aacute;c &#273;&#7891;ng nghi&#7879;p &#273;&atilde; b&aacute;o c&aacute;o c&aacute;c k&#7929; thu&#7853;t gi&uacute;p x&oacute;a k&yacute; &#7913;c sai l&#7879;ch. &#272;&#7847;u ti&ecirc;n, h&#7885; n&oacute;i v&#7899;i m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i r&#7857;ng m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7873;u c&oacute; m&#7897;t s&#7889; k&yacute; &#7913;c &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; c&aacute;c ngu&#7891;n kh&aacute;c. C&oacute; th&#7875; l&agrave; m&#7897;t c&acirc;u chuy&#7879;n gia &#273;&igrave;nh ho&#7863;c nh&#7919;ng b&#7913;c &#7843;nh &#273;&atilde; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng l&agrave;m k&#7927; ni&#7879;m c&#7911;a ri&ecirc;ng m&igrave;nh. Th&#7913; hai, h&#7885; gi&#7843;i th&iacute;ch r&#7857;ng li&ecirc;n t&#7909;c b&#7883; h&#7887;i v&#7873; m&#7897;t s&#7921; ki&#7879;n sai l&#7879;ch c&oacute; th&#7875; khi&#7871;n m&#7897;t s&#7889; ng&#432;&#7901;i x&acirc;y d&#7921;ng k&yacute; &#7913;c sai l&#7879;ch t&#7915; &#273;&oacute;. [2]&nbsp; Vi&#7879;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng nh&#7919;ng k&#7929; thu&#7853;t n&agrave;y khi&#7871;n m&#7897;t s&#7889; ng&#432;&#7901;i gi&#7843;m ni&#7873;m tin v&agrave;o nh&#7919;ng k&yacute; &#7913;c sai l&#7847;m m&agrave; h&#7885; t&#7841;o ra. Nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&ocirc;ng c&ograve;n tuy&ecirc;n b&#7889; nh&#7899; l&#7841;i nh&#7919;ng s&#7921; ki&#7879;n gi&#7843;, m&#7863;c d&ugrave; h&#7885; v&#7851;n ch&#7845;p nh&#7853;n nh&#7919;ng s&#7921; ki&#7879;n &#273;&oacute; l&agrave; s&#7921; th&#7853;t. B&#7857;ng c&aacute;ch n&agrave;y, c&aacute;c k&#7929; thu&#7853;t n&agrave;y c&oacute; m&#7897;t s&#7889; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng x&oacute;a b&#7887; nh&#7919;ng tuy&ecirc;n b&#7889; v&#7873; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng ghi nh&#7899;. Hi&#7879;u &#7913;ng x&oacute;a n&agrave;y d&ugrave; nh&#7887; nh&#432;ng &#273;&aacute;ng tin c&#7853;y v&#7873; m&#7863;t th&#7889;ng k&ecirc; nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913;u. V&#7853;y &#273;&acirc;y c&oacute; ph&#7843;i l&agrave; m&#7897;t minh ch&#7913;ng hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; trong vi&#7879;c x&oacute;a k&yacute; &#7913;c sai l&#7847;m? Ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n l&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng. Trong qu&aacute; tr&igrave;nh nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913;u, khi &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&ocirc;ng b&aacute;o r&#7857;ng m&#7897;t k&yacute; &#7913;c l&agrave; m&#7897;t c&#7845;u tr&uacute;c sai &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7841;o ra trong th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m, nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i tham gia &#273;&atilde; ch&#7845;p nh&#7853;n th&ocirc;ng tin n&agrave;y. Nh&#432;ng h&#7885; c&oacute; th&#7875; kh&ocirc;ng x&oacute;a nh&#7919;ng h&igrave;nh &#7843;nh &#273;i k&egrave;m v&#7899;i vi&#7879;c x&acirc;y d&#7921;ng b&#7897; nh&#7899;. H&#7885; kh&ocirc;ng &#273;&#7897;t nhi&ecirc;n qu&ecirc;n c&acirc;u chuy&#7879;n m&agrave; h&#7885; &#273;&atilde; x&acirc;y d&#7921;ng. Nh&#7919;ng h&igrave;nh &#7843;nh v&agrave; c&acirc;u chuy&#7879;n &#273;&oacute; v&#7851;n c&ograve;n t&#7891;n t&#7841;i trong &#273;&#7847;u h&#7885;. H&#7885; ch&#7881; &#273;&aacute;nh gi&aacute; l&#7841;i th&ocirc;ng tin &#273;&oacute; v&agrave; quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh kh&ocirc;ng c&ograve;n tin nh&#7919;ng h&igrave;nh &#7843;nh &#273;&oacute; n&#7919;a v&agrave; c&acirc;u chuy&#7879;n &#273;&oacute; l&agrave; k&yacute; &#7913;c c&aacute; nh&acirc;n c&#7911;a ch&iacute;nh m&igrave;nh. Alan Scoboria v&agrave; c&aacute;c &#273;&#7891;ng nghi&#7879;p c&#7911;a &ocirc;ng &#273;&atilde; g&#7885;i &#273;&oacute; l&agrave; nh&#7919;ng k&yacute; &#7913;c kh&ocirc;ng th&#7875; tin &#273;&#432;&#7907;c. [3] Th&ocirc;ng qua vi&#7879;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng l&#7863;p &#273;i l&#7863;p l&#7841;i c&aacute;c b&#7913;c &#7843;nh c&#7911;a m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&agrave;n &ocirc;ng v&ocirc; t&#7897;i v&agrave;o nh&#7919;ng l&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7901;i &#273;&#7871;n nh&#7853;n di&#7879;n, Jennifer Thompson &#273;&atilde; x&aacute;c &#273;&#7883;nh nh&#7847;m th&#7911; ph&#7841;m &#273;&atilde; c&#432;&#7905;ng hi&#7871;p c&ocirc;. Ronald Cotton &#273;&atilde; b&#7883; v&agrave;o t&ugrave; v&igrave; m&#7897;t t&#7897;i danh m&agrave; anh ta ch&#432;a t&#7915;ng ph&#7841;m ph&#7843;i. Cu&#7889;i c&ugrave;ng anh ta &#273;&atilde; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c minh oan th&ocirc;ng qua vi&#7879;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng DNA. Ph&#7847;n &#273;&aacute;ng lo ng&#7841;i l&agrave; khi Thompson &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&ocirc;ng b&aacute;o r&#7857;ng c&ocirc; &#273;&atilde; x&aacute;c &#273;&#7883;nh nh&#7847;m ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&agrave;n &ocirc;ng, tr&iacute; nh&#7899; c&#7911;a c&ocirc; v&#7851;n&nbsp; kh&ocirc;ng thay &#273;&#7893;i. Ni&#7873;m tin c&#7911;a c&ocirc; v&agrave;o k&yacute; &#7913;c &#273;&oacute; &#273;&atilde; thay &#273;&#7893;i, nh&#432;ng k&yacute; &#7913;c v&#7873; k&#7867; &#273;&atilde; h&atilde;m hi&#7871;p c&ocirc; v&#7851;n l&agrave; ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&agrave;n &ocirc;ng v&ocirc; t&#7897;i Ronald Cotton. C&ocirc; &#273;&atilde; ph&aacute;t tri&#7875;n m&#7897;t tr&iacute; nh&#7899; kh&ocirc;ng th&#7875; tin &#273;&#432;&#7907;c (Thompson-Cannino, Cotton, &amp; Torneo, 2009). [4] B&#7897; nh&#7899; v&#7851;n c&ograve;n. Ch&uacute;ng ta c&oacute; th&#7875; kh&ocirc;ng c&ograve;n tin r&#7857;ng k&yacute; &#7913;c l&agrave; s&#7921; th&#7853;t. Nh&#432;ng k&yacute; &#7913;c v&#7851;n c&ograve;n. Ch&uacute;ng ta c&oacute; th&#7875; x&oacute;a &#273;i ni&#7873;m tin trong k&yacute; &#7913;c. Nh&#432;ng nh&#7919;ng h&igrave;nh &#7843;nh v&agrave; nh&#7919;ng c&acirc;u chuy&#7879;n c&oacute; th&#7875; l&#432;u l&#7841;i trong tr&iacute; nh&#7899;. T&aacute;c ph&#7849;m m&#7899;i n&agrave;y c&#7911;a Oeberst v&agrave; c&aacute;c &#273;&#7891;ng nghi&#7879;p r&#7845;t hay. Nh&#432;ng th&#7913; h&#7885; &#273;&atilde; x&oacute;a &#273;i l&agrave; m&#7897;t ni&#7873;m tin. T&ocirc;i kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7855;c r&#7857;ng ch&uacute;ng ta c&oacute; th&#7875; t&#7921; x&oacute;a b&#7897; nh&#7899;. Ch&uacute;ng v&#7851;n t&#7891;n t&#7841;i, ngay c&#7843; khi ch&uacute;ng ta bi&#7871;t ch&uacute;ng kh&ocirc;ng ph&#7843;i l&agrave; s&#7921; th&#7853;t&hellip; <h3>Ngu&#7891;n t&agrave;i li&#7879;u tham kh&#7843;o:</h3>[1] Psychology Today Staff. (2022). False Memories. Psychology Today. <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/false-memories#why-false-memories-are-common" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="background-color: transparent; color: rgb(17, 85, 204);">https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/false-memories#why-false-memories-are-common</a>[2] Oeberst, A., Wachend&ouml;rfer, M. M., Imhoff, R., &amp; Blank, H. (2021). Rich false memories of autobiographical events can be reversed. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(13), e2026447118.&nbsp;<a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2026447118" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="background-color: transparent; color: rgb(17, 85, 204);">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2026447118</a>&nbsp;[3] Hyman, I. (2021). Can We Erase False Memories? Psychology Today. <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/mental-mishaps/202105/can-we-erase-false-memories" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="background-color: transparent; color: rgb(17, 85, 204);">https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/mental-mishaps/202105/can-we-erase-false-memories</a>&nbsp;[4] Thompson-Cannino, J., Cotton, R., &amp; Torneo, E. (2009). Picking cotton: Our memoir of injustice and redemption. Macmillan. 	______________________________________	PsychoHub - D&#7921; &aacute;n T&acirc;m l&yacute; h&#7885;c thu&#7897;c Youth+ Community	Fanpage: <a href="https://www.facebook.com/PsychoHub.Project/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="background-color: transparent; color: rgb(5, 99, 193);">https://www.facebook.com/PsychoHub.Project/</a>	Email: youth.psychohub@gmail.com

PsychoHub

Ký ức sai gây ra vấn đề thực sự. Nhận dạng sai sẽ đưa một người vô tội vào tù. Một ký ức sai lầm về thời thơ ấu có 

[PSYCHOHUB] ĐẢO NGƯỢC TRÍ NHỚ SAI LỆCH, LIỆC CÓ CÁCH NÀO?

[SYE] 10 CÔNG DỤNG VÀ LỢI ÍCH CỦA CÔNG NGHỆ THỰC TẾ ẢO ĐỐI VỚI NGÀNH DU LỊCH

HÀ NỘI

[SYE] CHIA SẺ VỀ CUỘC SỐNG CỦA MỘT CHUYÊN GIA PHÂN TÍCH DỮ LIỆU (PHẦN 1)

[ĐÓNG ĐƠN TUYỂN THÀNH VIÊN GEN 2.0]