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Virus bị ảnh hưởng bởi chọn lọc của tự nhiên?

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<html><body>Rau l&agrave; th&#7921;c ph&#7849;m quan tr&#7885;ng trong<figure class="image image-style-side"><img src="https://testosterone.pl/wiedza/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/GMO-debate-anderson-partners.jpg" alt="GMO - dobro czy z&#322;o? - Testosterone Wiedza"></figure>b&#7919;a &#259;n c&#7911;a con ng&#432;&#7901;i. Tuy nhi&ecirc;n,hi&#7879;n nhi&#7873;u lo&#7841;i rau &#273;ang b&#7883; bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7893;igen khi&#7871;n ng&#432;&#7901;i ti&ecirc;u d&ugrave;ng e ng&#7841;iv&#7873; ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng. V&#7853;y r&#7889;t cu&#7897;c th&#7921;cph&#7849;m GMO l&agrave; g&igrave;, v&agrave; n&oacute; c&oacute; nh&#7919;ngt&aacute;c &#273;&#7897;ng n&agrave;o t&#7899;i con ng&#432;&#7901;i?Kh&aacute;i ni&#7879;m: Sinh v&#7853;t bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7893;i gen (ti&#7871;ng Anh: Genetically Modified Organism) l&agrave; m&#7897;t sinh v&#7853;t m&agrave; v&#7853;t li&#7879;u di truy&#7873;n c&#7911;a n&oacute; &#273;&atilde; b&#7883; bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7893;i theo &yacute; mu&#7889;n ch&#7911; quan c&#7911;a con ng&#432;&#7901;i. Ngo&agrave;i ra c&#361;ng c&oacute; th&#7875; c&oacute; nh&#7919;ng sinh v&#7853;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7841;o ra do qu&aacute; tr&igrave;nh lan truy&#7873;n c&#7911;a gen trong t&#7921; nhi&ecirc;n.<figure class="image"><img src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/EViSBq1Rd7yWPXnUdd0cNTCIFP1SNRegFObzpadNltJJcUG5JhIFMurDSIhE3w1WlvwWfDJEg8dfhHQXb6QBklaWCJeDZXYAk0c2BxgRNSDFnsLL50FZxx3pmKEixas9Ud3ZkUWU"></figure>Ngu&#7891;n g&#7889;c v&agrave; ph&#432;&#417;ng th&#7913;c bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7893;i gen&nbsp;Theo s&#7889; li&#7879;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&ocirc;ng b&#7889;, s&#7843;n l&#432;&#7907;ng &#273;u &#273;&#7911; &#7903; Puna l&ecirc;n t&#7899;i 53 tri&#7879;u pounds n&#259;m 1992. Nh&#432;ng do n&#7841;n s&acirc;u b&#7879;nh tr&#7847;m tr&#7885;ng ph&aacute; ho&#7841;i m&ugrave;a m&agrave;ng m&agrave; s&#7843;n l&#432;&#7907;ng ch&#7881; c&ograve;n m&#7897;t n&#7917;a: 26 tri&#7879;u pounds. &#272;&#7913;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c m&#7889;i nguy c&#417; &#273;&oacute;, kh&ocirc;ng nh&#7919;ng th&#7871;, t&iacute;nh kh&#7843; d&#7909;ng c&#7911;a &#273;u &#273;&#7911; l&agrave; v&ocirc; c&ugrave;ng l&#7899;n khi &#273;&#432;&#7907;c d&ugrave;ng l&agrave;m n&#432;&#7899;c &eacute;p, salad v&agrave; c&ugrave;ng nhi&#7873;u th&#7913; kh&aacute;c. V&igrave; v&#7853;y, C&ocirc;ng ngh&#7879; sinh h&#7885;c, nh&#432; m&#7897;t t&aacute;c nh&acirc;n trung t&iacute;nh m&#7899;i c&oacute; th&#7875; ch&#7889;ng &#273;&#7905; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7841;i d&#7883;ch n&agrave;y.&nbsp;Nhi&#7873;u n&ocirc;ng d&acirc;n v&agrave; c&aacute;c nh&agrave; khoa h&#7885;c quay sang &ldquo;c&#7847;u c&#7913;u&rdquo; s&#7921; gi&uacute;p &#273;&#7905; c&#7911;a c&ocirc;ng ngh&#7879; gen. L&uacute;c &#273;&oacute; v&agrave;o n&#259;m 1985, &#273;&#7875; gi&#7843;i quy&#7871;t v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873;, c&aacute;c nh&agrave; khoa h&#7885;c t&igrave;m c&aacute;ch x&aacute;c &#273;&#7883;nh V&#7853;t li&#7879;u gen v&agrave; nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913;u &#273;&#7863;c t&iacute;nh di truy&#7873;n c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t cho c&acirc;y tr&#7891;ng .C&ugrave;ng nhau h&#7907;p t&aacute;c &#273;&#7875; t&#7841;o ra &#273;u &#273;&#7911; &#273;&#7875; ch&#7889;ng lo&#7841;i virus nguy hi&#7875;m n&agrave;y. H&#7885; nh&#7853;n ra r&#7857;ng, m&#7897;t c&acirc;y c&oacute; v&#7853;t li&#7879;u gen n&agrave;o &#273;&oacute; t&#7915; virus trong c&#7845;u tr&uacute;c ADN c&#7911;a n&oacute;, n&oacute; s&#7869; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#7843;o v&#7879;. V&agrave; khi h&#7885; t&aacute;ch gen n&agrave;y t&#7915; ch&iacute;nh nh&#7919;ng con virus PRSV r&#7891;i c&#7845;y v&agrave;o gen c&#7911;a c&acirc;y &#273;u &#273;&#7911;, n&oacute; mi&#7877;n nhi&#7877;m v&#7899;i ch&iacute;nh lo&#7841;i virus n&agrave;y. C&aacute;c nh&agrave; khoa h&#7885;c ch&#7881; t&aacute;ch gen m&atilde; h&oacute;a protein v&#7887;, sau &#273;&oacute; t&igrave;m c&aacute;ch c&#7845;y v&#7853;t li&#7879;u gen v&agrave;o DNA &#273;u &#273;&#7911;.T&#7915; &#273;&oacute; c&aacute;c nh&agrave; khoa h&#7885;c t&igrave;m ra &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7897;t ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&aacute;p, c&ocirc;ng ngh&#7879; bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7893;i gen, trong &#273;&oacute; b&#7843;n sao c&#7911;a m&#7897;t v&#7853;t li&#7879;u gen c&#7911;a m&#7897;t c&acirc;y tr&#7891;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#7845;y v&agrave;o ch&iacute;nh c&acirc;y &#273;&oacute;.V&agrave; ng&agrave;y nay, c&oacute; nhi&#7873;u c&aacute;ch &#273;&#7875; ti&#7871;n h&oacute;a qu&aacute; tr&igrave;nh n&agrave;y, hay n&oacute;i &#273;&uacute;ng h&#417;n l&agrave; t&#259;ng t&#7889;c qu&aacute; tr&igrave;nh, v&agrave; m&#7897;t trong s&#7889; &#273;&oacute; l&agrave; ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&aacute;p ph&acirc;n t&#7917; t&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; cao. K&#7871;t qu&#7843; l&agrave; s&#7843;n l&#432;&#7907;ng &#273;u &#273;&#7911; &#7903; Pana t&#259;ng v&#7885;t t&#7915; n&#259;m 1998 v&agrave; &#273;&#7871;n n&#259;m 2001 s&#7843;n l&#432;&#7907;ng &#273;&atilde; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#7909;c h&#7891;i.M&#7897;t s&#7889; th&#7921;c ph&#7849;m GMO:<figure class="image"><img src="https://guardian.ng/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/gmo.jpg" alt="Top 20 genetically modified foods, products | The Guardian Nigeria ..."></figure>L&#7907;i &iacute;ch:&nbsp;Th&#7921;c ph&#7849;m bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7893;i gen l&agrave; lo&agrave;i &#273;&atilde; nh&#7853;n c&aacute;c gen ngo&#7841;i t&#7915; m&#7897;t c&acirc;y, m&#7897;t con v&#7853;t, th&#7853;m ch&iacute; l&agrave; con ng&#432;&#7901;i. Nh&#7919;ng gen n&agrave;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#7893; sung &#273;&#7875; t&#259;ng c&#432;&#7901;ng kh&#7843; n&#259;ng &#273;&#7873; kh&aacute;ng c&ocirc;n tr&ugrave;ng v&agrave; thu&#7889;c di&#7879;t c&#7887;, t&#259;ng gi&aacute; tr&#7883; dinh d&#432;&#7905;ng, thay &#273;&#7893;i h&#432;&#417;ng v&#7883; v&agrave; k&#7871;t c&#7845;u, c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n n&#259;ng su&#7845;t v&agrave; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng ch&#7883;u stress, gi&#7843;m th&#7901;i gian tr&#432;&#7903;ng th&agrave;nh hay t&#259;ng th&#7901;i h&#7841;n s&#7917; d&#7909;ng.&nbsp;Ban &#273;&#7847;u, khi &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913;u, th&#7921;c ph&#7849;m GMO mang nhi&#7873;u m&#7909;c &#273;&iacute;ch t&#7889;t &#273;&#7865;p nh&#432;: Mang l&#7841;i cho ng&#432;&#7901;i d&ugrave;ng c&aacute;c lo&#7841;i th&#7921;c ph&#7849;m c&oacute; gi&aacute; tr&#7883; dinh d&#432;&#7905;ng cao h&#417;n, nhi&#7873;u ti&#7879;n l&#7907;i nh&#432; th&#7901;i gian b&#7843;o qu&#7843;n l&acirc;u, kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7913;a ch&#7845;t g&acirc;y d&#7883; &#7913;ng,... C&aacute;c nh&agrave; khoa h&#7885;c &#273;&atilde; tin r&#7857;ng, c&ocirc;ng ngh&#7879; n&agrave;y s&#7869; gi&uacute;p x&oacute;a b&#7887; n&#7841;n &#273;&oacute;i tr&ecirc;n th&#7871; gi&#7899;i v&agrave; g&oacute;p ph&#7847;n b&#7843;o v&#7879; m&ocirc;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng do gi&#7843;m vi&#7879;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng thu&#7889;c tr&#7915; s&acirc;u.M&#7889;i nguy h&#7841;i:&nbsp;Tuy nhi&ecirc;n, ngay t&#7915; ng&agrave;y &#273;&#7847;u xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n qytg c&aacute;c si&ecirc;u th&#7883; &#7903; Anh v&agrave;o n&#259;m 1996, r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u tranh c&atilde;i xung quanh c&agrave; chua bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7893;i gen &#273;&atilde; khi&#7871;n d&#432; lu&#7853;n kh&ocirc;ng kh&#7887;i hoang mang. Theo nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913;u tr&ecirc;n chu&#7897;t th&iacute; nghi&#7879;m, m&#7897;t v&agrave;i &#273;o&#7841;n gen chuy&#7875;n c&#7911;a c&agrave; chua bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7893;i gen &#273;&atilde; g&acirc;y h&#7841;i cho chu&#7897;t t&#7899;i m&#7913;c n&#7863;ng. V&#7899;i nhi&#7873;u nghi v&#7845;n ch&#432;a c&oacute; l&#7901;i gi&#7843;i &#273;&aacute;p c&#7897;ng th&ecirc;m m&#7889;i lo ng&#7841;i c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i d&acirc;n, l&#7879;nh c&#7845;m th&#7921;c ph&#7849;m bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7893;i gen &#273;&atilde; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ban h&agrave;nh &#7903; to&agrave;n Ch&acirc;u &Acirc;u.&nbsp;Theo xu h&#432;&#7899;ng chung c&#7911;a th&#7871; gi&#7899;i, c&oacute; v&#7867; nh&#432; s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7893;i gen ho&agrave;n to&agrave;n kh&ocirc;ng ph&#7843;i m&#7897;t ph&aacute;t minh c&oacute; l&#7907;i v&agrave; n&ecirc;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&acirc;n r&#7897;ng. &#7902; Ch&acirc;u &Aacute;, Th&aacute;i Lan v&agrave; Philippines l&agrave; hai n&#432;&#7899;c &#273;i &#273;&#7847;u trong phong tr&agrave;o ch&#7889;ng GMO. Nh&#7853;t B&#7843;n t&#7915; 1997 &#273;&atilde; ph&#7843;n &#273;&#7889;i vi&#7879;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng c&aacute;c th&#7921;c ph&#7849;m bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7893;i gen, h&#7885; khuy&#7871;n kh&iacute;ch n&ecirc;n s&#7917; d&#7909;ng th&#7921;c ph&#7849;m t&#432;&#417;i s&#7841;ch, l&agrave;nh m&#7841;nh m&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; s&#7921; &#273;&#7909;ng tay c&#7911;a c&ocirc;ng ngh&#7879; sinh h&#7885;c, c&oacute; l&#7869; ch&iacute;nh v&igrave; th&#7871; m&agrave; tu&#7893;i th&#7885; trung b&igrave;nh c&#7911;a h&#7885; v&ocirc; c&ugrave;ng l&#7899;n v&agrave; tr&#7903; th&agrave;nh &#273;&#7845;t n&#432;&#7899;c c&oacute; d&acirc;n s&#7889; gi&agrave; nh&#7845;t th&#7871; gi&#7899;i.&nbsp;Th&#7921;c ph&#7849;m GMO t&#7841;i Vi&#7879;t Nam: nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i cho r&#7857;ng Vi&#7879;t Nam &#273;ang nh&#7853;p nhi&#7873;u th&#7921;c ph&#7849;m n&oacute;i chung v&agrave; rau bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7893;i gen GMO n&oacute;i ri&ecirc;ng t&#7915; c&aacute;c n&#432;&#7899;c tr&ecirc;n th&#7871; gi&#7899;i. T&#7841;i Vi&#7879;t Nam, gi&#7889;ng ng&ocirc; bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7893;i gen &#273;&#432;&#7907;c tr&#7891;ng v&agrave;o n&#259;m 2015, s&#7843;n l&#432;&#7907;ng ng&ocirc; bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7893;i gen t&#7921; s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t c&#361;ng c&ograve;n h&#7841;n ch&#7871;. Tuy v&#7853;y, s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7893;i gen &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#7853;p kh&#7849;u v&#7873; l&#7899;n h&#417;n r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u.&nbsp;Theo c&ocirc;ng b&#7889; m&#7899;i nh&#7845;t, hi&#7879;n nay h&#417;n 90% l&#432;&#7907;ng &#273;&#7853;u n&agrave;nh nh&#7853;p kh&#7849;u v&agrave;o l&agrave; gi&#7889;ng bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7893;i gen. Gi&#7889;ng ng&ocirc; bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7893;i gen &#273;&#432;&#7907;c tr&#7891;ng v&agrave;o n&#259;m 2015, s&#7843;n l&#432;&#7907;ng ng&ocirc; bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7893;i gen t&#7921; s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t c&#361;ng c&ograve;n h&#7841;n ch&#7871;. D&#432;&#7901;ng nh&#432; t&#7841;i Vi&#7879;t Nam, th&#7921;c ph&#7849;m GMO l&agrave; l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n cao c&#7911;a gi&#7899;i nh&agrave; gi&agrave;u b&#7903;i v&#7867; b&#7855;t m&#7855;t, ngon mi&#7879;ng v&agrave; c&#7843; t&iacute;nh s&ugrave;ng ngo&#7841;i. Kh&ocirc;ng &iacute;t ng&#432;&#7901;i hi&#7875;u l&#7847;m r&#7857;ng &#273;&oacute; l&agrave; nh&#7919;ng th&#7921;c ph&#7849;m t&#432;&#417;i s&#7841;ch, th&#7853;m tr&iacute; c&#7843; nh&#7919;ng hoa qu&#7843; xu&#7845;t kh&#7849;u nh&#432; d&acirc;u, cherry, nho... hay th&#7883;t b&ograve; &ldquo;t&#432;&#417;i&rdquo; &Uacute;c, M&#7929; c&#361;ng c&oacute; th&#7875; l&agrave; th&#7921;c ph&#7849;m nu&ocirc;i c&#7845;y.Chung quy cho c&ugrave;ng, GMO v&#7915;a c&oacute; m&#7863;t t&#7889;t v&#7915;a c&oacute; m&#7863;t x&#7845;u. Ch&uacute;ng ta n&ecirc;n bi&#7871;t l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n th&#7921;c ph&#7849;m t&#7889;t v&agrave; l&agrave;nh m&#7841;nh &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o s&#7913;c kho&#7867;.</body></html>

Vu Hiep

Rau là thực phẩm quan trọng trong bữa ăn của con người. Tuy nhiên, hiện nhiều loại rau đang bị biến đổi gen (thực phẩm GMO) khiến người tiêu dùng e ngại về chất lượng.

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Thực phẩm GMO là gì? Tốt hay xấu?